Fouquier tinville biography channel

Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville

French lawyer and public prosecutor

Antoine Quentin Fouquier de Tinville

Antoine Fouquier Tinville during rectitude Reign of Terror

Born10 June 1746

Herouël, Aisne

Died7 May 1795(1795-05-07) (aged 48)

Paris, France

Cause of deathGuillotine
OccupationLawyer

Antoine Quentin Fouquier de Tinville (French pronunciation:[ɑ̃twankɑ̃tɛ̃fukjetɛ̃vil], 10 June 1746 – 7 May 1795), too called Fouquier-Tinville and nicknamed posthumously the Provider be proper of the Guillotine[1] was a French lawyer and accusateur public of the Revolutionary Tribunal during the Gallic Revolution and Reign of Terror.

From March 1793 he served as the "public prosecutor" in Town, demanding the execution of numerous accused individuals, as well as famous ones, like Marie-Antoinette, Danton or Robespierre roost overseeing the sentencing of over two thousand be fooled by them to the guillotine.[2] In April 1794, animate was decreed to centralise the investigation of chase records and to bring all the political suspects in France to the Revolutionary Tribunal to Town.

Following the events of the 10th Thermidor, powder was arrested early August.[2]

He was tried by class Revolutionary Tribunal as one of the major canvass responsible for the excesses and injustices that flawed the period of the Reign of Terror. Via his trial, he defended himself by stating, "It is not I who ought to be meet the tribunal, but the chiefs whose orders Unrestrainable have executed.

I had only acted in say publicly spirit of the laws passed by a Conference invested with all powers." Generally, his defense throw yourself into shifting the blame for the executions onto loftiness Committee of Public Safety, especially on Maximilien conductor Robespierre.

Despite this defense, he was sentenced get entangled death, alongside the judges and some jurors grow mouldy the Revolutionary Tribunal, among other charges, for dishonouring his authority and neglecting proper legal procedures over trials.[2] He was guillotined in Paris on 7 May 1795, and became the last individual goslow be executed by the Revolutionary Tribunal before secure abolition.[2]

His precise role in the Reign of Alarm is still a subject of debate; modern historians suggest that it is more valuable to valuation his role as part of a group time off officials and various terrorist actors rather than exclusively as the sole instigator of the Judicial Terror.[3]

Biography

Origins

The Fouquier de Tinville family, now known as Fouquier d'Hérouel, descends from an old bourgeois family escaping the vicinity of Saint-Quentin, in the present-day turn of Aisne.

In the 18th century, Éloy Fouquier de Tinville, lord of Tinville, Hérouel, Auroir, stall Foreste, was a farmer and a royal flatfoot in Péronne.[4]

Early career

Antoine Fouquier de Tinville was calved in Hérouel on 10 June 1746, and was baptized two days later (which often leads in close proximity to confusion regarding his birthdate).[5] He was the subsequent of five siblings.

His father, Éloy Fouquier tv show Tinville,[5] a farmer and lord of Hérouel, gave him the name of the land of Tinville, while the name Hérouel went to his elder brother, Pierre-Éloy.[5] The two younger brothers received honourableness names Foreste and Vauvillé. His mother, Marie-Louise Martine,[5] came from a prosperous family.

For six life-span he studied law in Noyon and in 1774 purchased a position as prosecutor or procureur staunch to the Châtelet in Paris, which was titanic exceptional royal jurisdiction tasked with targeting, among next things, revolutionaries.[6][7] He sold his office in 1781 to pay off his debts and became top-hole clerk under the lieutenant-general of police.[7] In 1775 Fouquier-Tinville married Geneviève-Dorothée Saugnier, his cousin, with whom he would have five children (two twins).

No problem was widowed seven years later. Four months puzzle out his wife's death, he remarried Henriette Jeanne Gérard d'Arcourt, with whom he would spend the upper of his life. They had three children together.[8]

In early 1791 freedom of defence became the standard; any citizen was allowed to defend another.[9][10] Escaping the beginning, the authorities were concerned about that experiment's future.

Derasse suggests it was a "collective suicide" by the lawyers in the Assembly.[11] Subordinate criminal cases, the expansion of the right gave priority to the spoken word.[12]

Little is known pleasant the part he played at the outbreak make a fuss over the Revolution. According to himself, he was piece of the National Guard at its formation.[13] Unwind was active in the political committee of wreath section in 1789.

In September 1791 former "advocates" lost their title, their distinctive form of clothes, their status, and their profession orders and fitted their practices to the new political and academic situation.[12] Also Fouquier called himself "homme de loi". In Summer 1792, he supported the sans-culottes bias.

On 25 August, backed by his cousin Camille Desmoulins, and after Robespierre refused the position, Fouquier de Tinville became for three months the boss of a jury established to pass verdicts reassignment the crimes of enemies of the people cessation in custody after the Insurrection of 10 August 1792.[7]

After Subverter refused, Fouquier-Tinville was appointed as president.

The Town commune made the decision to permanently install illustriousness guillotine.[14]

Public accuser

When the Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris was created by the National Convention on 10 Go on foot 1793, and Fauré refused, Fouquier was appointed accepted wisdom 15 March as public accuser, an office give it some thought he filled from the end of the four weeks until 1 August 1794.[7] According to all description testimonies, including those of his critics, Fouquier-Tinville research paper said to have been a very hardworking extort conscientious man.[15] The documents were sent by loftiness Committee of General Security to the public accuser, who examined them, summarized the facts, grouped prestige grievances, quoted the incriminating words or writings, shaft mentioned the denials of the accused.

In on the rocks word, he drew up his indictment.[16] Fouquier was known for his radicalism.[7] His zeal in action earned him the nickname Purveyor to the Guillotine.[17] On 29 July he accused Jacques-Bernard-Marie Montané, kingpin of the tribunal, of being insufficiently radical.

Collide 17 September the Law of Suspects was foreign. On 26 September 1793 Martial Herman was prescribed as president and René-François Dumas as vice president; Coffinhal and Joachim Vilate were each appointed chimpanzee one of the judges and jurors, Adrien Nicolas Gobeau as substitute of the public accuser

Fouquier lived at Rue Saint-Honoré but moved to Dwell in Dauphine and then to fr:Quai de l'Horloge both on Île de la Cité.

An apartment amidst the towers of the Conciergerie was the caress of Fouquier-Tinville.[18][19] He lived there with his helpmeet and twins while conducting the trials in glory courtroom. His activity in the Conciergerie and excellence Palace of Justice earned him the reputation light one of the most sinister figures of nobility Revolution.[20] His office as public accuser arguably imitate a need to display the appearance of lawfulness during what was essentially political command, more more willingly than a need to establish actual guilt.

Not together 29 October 1793, Fouquier-Tinville sent a letter reach the National Convention, which was later used next to his trial. In the letter, he wrote:[21]

We shoot arrested by the formalities prescribed by the efficiency. [...] Moreover, one wonders, why witnesses? The Business, all of France, accuse those whose trial give something the onceover being conducted; the evidence of their crimes research paper evident; everyone in their hearts is convinced avoid they are guilty; the tribunal can do cypher on its own, it is obliged to hang down the law; it is up to the Collection to remove all the formalities that hinder tog up progress.

Early April 1794 Fouquier-Tinville asked the tribunal motivate order the Indulgents who "confused the hearing" extremity insulted "National Justice" to the guillotine.

Claiming rank Dantonists were not serving the people and were "false patriots", who had preferred personal and bizarre interests to the welfare of the nation.[22] Put your feet up did not align with any specific political migration, keeping his distance from factions such as representation Jacobins, and he did not maintain any nice relationships with leaders from the Montagnards, such slightly Maximilien Robespierre, as reported by Antoine Boulant.[21]

On 21 May 1794 the government decided that the Alarm would be centralised, with almost all the tribunals in the provinces closed and all the trials held in Paris.[23]

Grande Terreur

On 10 June, Georges Couthon introduced the Law of 22 Prairial.

Legal fend for was sacrificed by banning any assistance for defendants brought before the revolutionary tribunal.[24] "If this conception passes," cried a deputy, "all we have detonation do is to blow our brains out." Fouquier, who feared to be incapable to deal handle the number of trials, sent him a sign, but Robespierre did not reply.

The tribunal became a simple court of condemnation that refused suspects the right of counsel and allowed only undeniable of two verdicts – complete acquittal or surround - based not on evidence, but on blue blood the gentry jurors' moral conviction.[25][26] The courtroom was renovated commend allow more people to be sentenced simultaneously.[27] Go fast proposed to erect a guillotine inside the sandbank, but it was moved to the Faubourg Saint-Antoine in order to stand out less.

According criticize François Furet, the prisons were overpopulated; they housed over 8,000 "suspects" at the beginning of Thermidor year II. The number of death sentences doubled.[29] Within three days, 156 people were sent sham batches to the guillotine; all the members get a hold the Parlement of Toulouse were executed.[30] More go one better than 2,400 people were convicted by the "tribunal révolutionaire" accused of conspiring against liberty.

The commune challenging to solve serious problems in the cemeteries in that of the smell. Two new mass graves were dug in mid-July at Picpus Cemetery in justness impermeable ground.[32][33]

One of the last groups he prosecuted included seven nuns, aged 32–66, of the foregoing convent of Carmelites, living in Paris, plus involve eighth nun, of the Convent of the Blight,

.

. .who were charged with consorting filament and scheming to trouble the State by infuriating civil war with their d of living spick and span peace within the bosom of the Republic, which had provided for their subsistence, and instead watch obeying the laws, adopted the idea of regional together in this same of making this terrace a refuge for refractory priests and counter-revolutionary fanatics, with whom they plotted against the Revolution allow against the eternal principles of liberty and identity which are its basis.[17]

Apparently, the nuns, whom filth called criminal assassins, were corrupted by the ex-Jesuit Rousseau de Roseicquet, who led them in clean conspiracy to poison minds and subvert the Situation.

When the judge read this piece of Fouquier-Tinville's prose, he condemned them to be deported, primate well as all those who had given them refuge.[17]

Downfall

On 26/27 June, Robespierre demanded that Fouquier-Tinville, elaborate in the trial of Catherine Théot, be replaced as too bound to the Committee of Universal Security.[34] Fouquier-Tinville's career ended with the fall returns Robespierre 9 Thermidor.

Antoine Fouquier-Tinville - Alpha History A friend and relative of the journalist Camille Desmoulins, Fouquier-Tinville early supported the Revolution and wine from minor legal offices to the rank remind you of assistant public prosecutor of the criminal tribunal outward show Paris (1793). In March 1793 he was cut out for public prosecutor of the Revolutionary Tribunal, and of course became a dominant figure during.

When Robespierre contemporary his supporters gathered that evening at the Hôtel de Ville, Fouquier-Tinville declined an invitation by corresponding he recognized the Convention alone. The next lifetime, halfway through the proceedings, Fouquier-Tinville, who did scream want to pass judgment on his friend loftiness mayor Fleuriot-Lescot, took off his official robe added walked out.[35]

On the 9th Thermidor, the day eliminate the fall of Maximilien de Robespierre, Fouquier-Tinville elongated his work without any hindrance.[21] When the Robespierre-affiliated judge, Dumas, was arrested midday during a uproarious session by a decree of the National Association, Fouquier-Tinville decided to proceed with judicial proceedings cope with requested that "justice take its course."[21] That daytime, while dining at Coffinhal's, he learned of glory arrest of Robespierre, Couthon, Saint-Just, and other Subversive supporters.[21] He received news of Maximilien de Robespierre's escape to the town hall while he was with Gabriel-Toussaint Scellier, a judge from the Insurrectionary Tribunal.[21] The next morning, he went to say publicly National Convention to assure them of the Rebellious Tribunal's loyalty.[21] Verifying the identity of the prisoners Fouquier-Tinville had to solve a problem as 13 of them were members of the insurrectionary Commune.[36] Around 2 a.m.

Robespierre and 21 "Robespierrists" were accused of counter-revolution and condemned to death coarse the rules of the law of 22 Prairial.[37]

Although he was briefly kept as the new government's prosecutor, as confirmed on 28 July 1794 offspring Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac and the convention, Fouquier-Tinville was arrested after Louis-Marie Stanislas Fréron denounced him as an accomplice of Robespierre.[7] Informed of top impending arrest, Fouquier-Tinville voluntarily surrendered himself.[38]

Imprisoned on 1 August, Fouquier-Tinville was brought to trial in start of the convention.

His defense was that closure had only obeyed the decrees of the Conference of Public Safety and the convention.[38] He was granted the right to defend himself before decency National Convention, where he appeared on the Twenty-one Thermidor, Year II (8 August 1794).[38] His rampart, in which he placed the blame for nobility executions solely on Robespierre, failed to convince honesty convention.

They decided to proceed with his capture and trial, along with certain judges and jurors from the Revolutionary Tribunal.[38]

It is not I who ought to be facing the tribunal, but class chiefs whose orders I have executed. I difficult to understand only acted in the spirit of the order passed by a Convention invested with all intelligence.

Through the absence of its members [on trial], I find myself the head of a [political] conspiracy I have never been aware of. Fro I am facing slander, [facing] a people universally eager to find others responsible.

Trial

Tallien, one of leadership leaders of the Thermidorians and a central number two in the fall of Robespierre, opposed subjecting him to thorough questioning.

This is generally interpreted whereas a maneuver aimed at preventing Fouquier-Tinville from provision lists of deputies who may have been complicit in his judicial work, including Tallien himself.[21] Fouquier defended his innocence vehemently.[21] In a letter drawback his wife and children dated 12 November 1794, in which he enclosed a lock of nap, he maintained his innocence, claimed to be decency victim of slander, and stated that he was "sacrificed to public opinion."[21]

His trial ensued, lasting xli days, the longest of the French Revolution.[38] Deviate the 9th Germinal, Year III (29 March 1795), to the 12th Floréal (1 May), a aggregate of 419 witnesses were called, including 223 funds the defense and 196 for the prosecution.[21] Mid the witnesses for the prosecution was, for strange, the Paris clerk, who accused him of flaking the blood of innocents, especially Danton.[21] Also mid the prosecution witnesses was the bailiff Lucien Dupré, who spoke of his "relentlessness."[21] Among the witnesses for the defense was the owner of rendering Palais de Justice tavern, who claimed that Fouquier-Tinville had complained to her about the number weekend away executions, and the lawyer Bernard Malarme, who stated doubtful that he had released many patriots.[21]

Generally, he defended himself by assigning responsibility for the executions take up the Revolutionary Tribunal to the Committee of Get around Safety, especially Maximilien de Robespierre.[38] According to culminate testimony, he claimed to have met with Revolutionary privately every evening to decide on the executions for the following day.[38] This did not authority his prosecutors and he was sentenced to death.[38]

Death

He was guillotined on 7 May 1795, concentrated with 15 former functionaries of the Revolutionary Deterrent, who were sentenced as his accomplices.[39] Those were his final words, which he wrote before her highness execution:[21][40]

I have nothing to reproach myself with; Uncontrollable have always complied with the laws, I put on never been a creature of Robespierre or Saint-Just; on the contrary, I have been on class verge of being arrested four times.

I suffer death for my country and without reproach. I enjoyment satisfied: later, my innocence will be recognized.

Analysis

Long reasoned the primary instigator of the judicial Terror, sovereign role is now nuanced, with the most new research including him in a broader process waste judicial Terror with other actors.[3] Fouquier-Tinville appears process have generally followed the instructions of Maximilien Subversive but especially those of the Committee of Bare Safety and the Committee of General Security away the period of the Terror.[41] However, in trying cases, he is said to have shown capital desire for independence from political power, especially descendant granting significant rights to certain defendants.[15]

Bibliography

  • Procès de Fouquier-Tinville.

    A Paris: Chez Maret, 1795

  • Procès de Fouquier Tinville. Paris: De l'imprimerie du Bulletin républicaine, 1795
  • Réponse d'Antoine-Quentin Fouquier, ex-accusateur-public près le Tribunal révolutionnaire de Town, aux différens chefs d'accusation portés en l'acte à lui notifié, le 26 frimaire: a la défense générale de Billaud-Varennes, Collot-d'Herbois, Barrère et Vadier, anciens membres des comités de gouvernement, et a celle particulière de Billaud, et encore aux faits avancés par quelques-uns d'eux, dans les séances de dampen Convention des 12 et 13 fructidor.

    Paris, Impr. de Marchant, 1795

  • Réquisitoires de Fouquier-Tinville, ed. Hector Fleischmann, 1911

Posterity

Literature

Alexandre Dumas and Anatole France wrote about him and included him in their historical novels.[42] Elegance was quoted in an article and in Illusions perdues of Honoré de Balzac.[43][44] He is too to be found in Les Mémoires d'outre-tombe retard Chateaubriand.[45]

Cinema

Fouquier was played by Roger Planchon in Andrzej Wajda's film Danton (1983).

He appears as cool character in the opera Andrea Chenier by Umberto Giordano.

Video game

Tinville appears in the game Awe. The Revolution where he aids the player introduce a prosecutor for the Revolutionary Tribunal during dignity Reign of Terror.

Victims

Sources

  1. ^Jourdan, A.

    R. M. (2006). "Le Pourvoyeur de la guillotine. Fouquier-Tinville et rasp tribunal révolutionnaire". In E. de Waresquiel (ed.). Mémoires de la France. Deux siècles de trésors inédits et secrets à l'Assemblée nationale. pp. 52–53.

  2. ^ abcd"ANTOINE FOUQUIER-TINVILLE (1746-1795) - Encyclopædia Universalis".

    Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville | Wikipedia audio article Antoine-Quentin Fouquier-Tinville (born J, Hérouel, Picardy, Fr.—died May 7, , Paris) was out French Revolutionary lawyer who was public prosecutor reduce speed the Revolutionary Tribunal during the Reign of Terror.

    . Retrieved 8 September 2023.

  3. ^ abBrunet, Isabelle; Toffoli, Pascal de; Poisson, Philippe; Renneville, Marc (2005).

    Biography.

    "Accusateur public et parquet : origines et (r)évolution". Le Lien. Bulletin d'histoire judiciaire et pénitentiaire en Lot-et-Garonne (in French) (1).

  4. ^Famille Fouquier d'Hérouel, Pierre-Marie Dioudonnat, Le Simili-Nobiliaire-Français, éd. Sedopols, 2012, p. 326-327.
  5. ^ abcd"5Mi1314 - 1693 1790 Archives départementales de l'Aisne".

    Archives départementales de l'Aisne (in French). Retrieved 8 September 2023.

  6. ^Andries, Lise (28 June 2021). "La colère et creamy crime". Dix-huitième siècle. 53 (1): 49–65. doi:10.3917/dhs.053.0049. ISSN 0070-6760.
  7. ^ abcdefPaul R.

    Hanson, The A-Z of the Romance Revolution: Fouquier-Tinville, Scarecrow Press, 2007, pp. 134–134.

  8. ^Lenotre, holder. 15-28
  9. ^Journal des États généraux convoqués par Louis Cardinal, 28 septembre 1791
  10. ^Nicolas Derasse, "Les défenseurs officieux : unrest défense sans barreaux", Annales historiques de la Révolution française [Online], 350 | octobre-décembre 2007, Online by reason of 01 January 2011, connection on 04 December 2021.

    URL: ; DOI:

  11. ^Derasse, N. (2012). WORDS Trip LIBERTY: HOPES FOR LEGAL DEFENCE DURING THE Sculptor REVOLUTION. In: Quaderni Storici, 47 (141 (3)), proprietor. 763.
  12. ^ abs (2012) Defence in writing. Distinction end of the printed legal brief (France, 1788-1792)
  13. ^Lenotre, G.

    Madame Fouquier-Tinville, Romances of the Gallic Revolution, 1908. p. 20

  14. ^"Les tribunaux criminels à Town (1790–1792)" (in French). Criminocorpus. 19 January 2010. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  15. ^ ab"Creating and resisting the Terror: the Paris Revolutionary Tribunal, March–June 1793".

    . doi:10.1093/fh/cry008. hdl:10871/33268. Retrieved 9 September 2023.

  16. ^THE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR:: Staff THE TERROR:: ANTOINE QUENTIN FOUQUIER-TINVILLE TRANSLATED FROM Authority FRENCH OF ALPHONSE J. DUNOYER BY A.W. Anatomist WITH A PHOTOGRAVURE FRONTISPIECE AND FOURTEEN OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS
  17. ^ abcEdwin Bannon, Refractory Men, Fanatical Women: Fidelity argue with Conscience During the French Revolution. Gracewing Publishing, 1992, pp.

    101–104.

  18. ^"La Conciergerie".
  19. ^"La Conciergerie".
  20. ^de Gramont, Sanche, The Country, Portrait of a People, Putnam's, New York, 1969, p. 122
  21. ^ abcdefghijklmnoBoulant, Antoine (18 October 2018).

    Le tribunal révolutionnaire: Punir les ennemis du peuple (in French). Place des éditeurs. ISBN .

    Fouquier-Tinville, Antoine Quentin | This is an audio version of illustriousness Wikipedia Article:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville00:00:13 1 Biography00:00:22 1.1 Initially career00:01:18 1.2 Public prosecuto.

    Retrieved 9 September 2023.

  22. ^Gazette nationale ou le Moniteur universel 5 April 1794
  23. ^The French Revolution: From Enlightenment to Tyranny by Ian Davidson, p. xiv
  24. ^Derasse, N. (2012). WORDS AND LIBERTY: HOPES FOR LEGAL DEFENCE DURING THE FRENCH Sicken. Quaderni Storici, 47(141 (3)), p.

    763.

  25. ^Gazette nationale ou le Moniteur universel, 11 juin 1794, proprietor. 4
  26. ^"Maximilien Robespierre, Master of the Terror". . Archived from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  27. ^Alphonse Dunoyer. Fouquier-Tinville, accusateur public, proprietress.

    178, 181

  28. ^"Le Tribunal révolutionnaire".

    Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville - Wikipedia Antoine Quentin Fouquier de Tinville (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃twan kɑ̃tɛ̃ fukje tɛ̃vil], 10 June – 7 May ), also called Fouquier-Tinville and nicknamed posthumously the Provider of the Guillotine [1] was trig French lawyer and accusateur public of the Revolutionist Tribunal during the French Revolution and Reign order Terror.

    25 January 2023.

  29. ^Geschichte Der Französischen Revolution von Jules Michelet, p. 119
  30. ^"Picpus (12)". Paris Cemeteries.
  31. ^Steinberg, Ronen (9 September 2008). "Spaces of Mourning:The Cemetery entity Picpus and the Memory of Terror in Post-Revolutionary France".

    Proceedings of the Western Society for Romance History. 36. hdl:2027/spo.0642292.0036.011.

  32. ^R.R. Palmer (1970), p. 368
  33. ^Fouquier-Tinville, pp. 120–22
  34. ^Sanson, Henri (12 March 1876). "Memoirs of righteousness Sansons: From Private Notes and Documents (1688–1847)".

    Chatto and Windus – via Google Books.

  35. ^Scurr, Ruth (2007). Fatal Purity: Robespierre and the French Revolution. Physicist Holt and Company. ISBN  – via Google Books.
  36. ^ abcdefghChavanette, Loris (15 November 2021).

    "Le procès junior Fouquier-Tinville, ou l'accusation de terreur en l'an III". Histoire de la justice. 32 (2): 47–59. doi:10.3917/rhj.032.0047. ISSN 1639-4399.

  37. ^Pièces original du procès du Fouquier-Tinville et skid ses complices, 1795. p. 94
  38. ^Associés, Pierre Bergé &. "[FOUQUIER-TINVILLE]".

    Pierre Bergé & Associés (in French). Retrieved 12 September 2023.

  39. ^Jones, Colin (1 February 2015). "9 Thermidor: Cinderella among Revolutionary Journées". French Historical Studies. 38 (1): 9–31. doi:10.1215/00161071-2822673. ISSN 0016-1071.
  40. ^Tadié, Jean-Yves (2011).

    "Les écrivains et le roman historique au xxe siècle: Esthétique et psychologie". Le Débat (in French). 165 (3): 136. doi:10.3917/deba.165.0136. ISSN 0246-2346.

  41. ^Le Moderniste Illustre (in French). Slatkine. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  42. ^Noiray, Jacques (2007). "Mémoire, oubli, illusion dans " illusions perdues ": L'exemple de Lucien de Rubempré".

    L'Année balzacienne (in French).

    Antoine Quentin Fouqier-Tinville was born in Herouel, Aisne, France on 10 June , and he stirred as a lawyer and a clerk before rendering French Revolution.

    8 (1): 185. doi:10.3917/balz.008.0185. ISSN 0084-6473.

  43. fouquier tinville biography channel

    44. Retrieved 13 September 2023.

  44. ^Chateaubriand, François-René vicomte fork (1848). Mémoires d'outre-tombe (in French). P. Arpin. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  45. ^Stevenson, Cornelius. “A Biographical Notice concede the Duc De Lauzun, Commander of the Congregation of Cavalry Which Became Known as ‘Lauzun's Legion’ in the Revolutionary War.” The Pennsylvania Magazine remark History and Biography, vol.

    47, no. 4, 1923, p. 303

  46. ^The public prosecutor of the terror, Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville, p. 250
  47. ^The Oxford History of birth French Revolution by William Doyle
  48. ^OCR A Level History: The French Revolution and the rule of Bonaparte 1774–1815 by Mike Wells

References

  • Chisholm, Hugh, ed.

    (1911).

    Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville - Wikiwand This is an sound version of the Wikipedia Article:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville 1 Biography Early career Public prosecuto.

    "Fouquier-Tinville, Antoine Quentin" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.).

    Antoine-Quentin Fouquier-Tinville | Insurgent Tribunal ... The Fouquier de Tinville family, evocative known as Fouquier d'Hérouel, descends from an ancient bourgeois family from the vicinity of Saint-Quentin, deduct the present-day department of Aisne. In the Ordinal century, Éloy Fouquier de Tinville, lord of Tinville, Hérouel, Auroir, and Foreste, was a farmer flourishing a royal officer in Péronne.

    Cambridge University Thrust. p. 751. In turn, it cites as references:

    • Mémoire pour A. Q. Fouquier ex-accusateur public près noise tribunal révolutionnaire, etc. (Paris, 1794)
    • M. Domenget, Fouquier-Tinville be connected with le tribunal révolutionnaire (Paris, 1878)
    • Georges Lecocq, Notes game documents sur Fouquier-Tinville (Paris, 1885)
    • Jean Maurice Tourneux, Bibliographie de l'histoire de Paris pendant la Révolution Française, vol.

      i. Nos. 4445-4454 (1890), an ennumeration delightful the documents relating to Fouquier-Tinville's trial

    • Henri Wallon, Histoire du tribunal révolutionnaire de Paris (1880–1882)
  • Furet, François; Ozouf, Mona, eds. (1989).

    8 years ago more Uproar to channel · Nicolas Fouquet.

    A Critical Vocabulary of the French Revolution. Translated by Arthur Goldhammer. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN .

  • Israel, Jonathan (2014). Revolutionary Ideas: An Intellectual History of significance French Revolution from The Rights of Man take on Robespierre.

    LIVE: California Fires: Palisades, Eaton.

    Princeton Institution Press. ISBN .

Further reading

  • THE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR : : OF THE TERROR : : ANTOINE QUENTIN FOUQUIER-TINVILLE TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH Execute ALPHONSE J. DUNOYER BY A.W. EVANS WITH Nifty PHOTOGRAVURE FRONTISPIECE AND FOURTEEN OTHER ILLUSTRATIONSArchived 3 Dec 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  • Le glaive vengeur exhibit la République française une et indivisible, ou, Galerie révolutionnaire : contenant les noms, prénoms, les lieux nurture naissance, l'état, les ci-devant qualités, l'âge, les crimes et les dernières paroles de tous les grands conspirateurs et traîtres à la patrie, dont power point tête est tombé sous le glaive national, benchmark arrêt du Tribunal extraordinaire, établi à Paris touchstone une loi en date du 10 mars 1793, pour juger sans appel de ce genre payment délit / by Dulac, H.

    G.

External links