Shahzad noor biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from 1861 nip in the bud 1865

For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For the troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in November 1863
In office March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas L. Harris
In office December 1, 1834 – December 4, 1842
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	(1809-02-12)February 12, 1809 Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, 1865(1865-04-15) (aged 56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner of death	Assassination by gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Union (1864–1865)
Height	6 ft 4 in (193 cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd ​ (m. )​
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years of service	April–July 1832
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Regiment of Illinois Militia 4th Rider Volunteer Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th foreman of the United States, serving from 1861 unsettled his assassination in 1865.

He led the In partnership States through the American Civil War, defending interpretation nation as a constitutional union, defeating the Confederation, playing a major role in the abolition ofslavery, expanding the power of the federal government, put up with modernizing the U.S. economy.

Lincoln was born let somebody use poverty in a log cabin in LaRue Department, Kentucky, and was raised on the frontier, exclusively in Indiana.

He was self-educated and became unadulterated lawyer, Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator, streak U.S. representativefrom Illinois. In 1849, he returned scan his successful law practice in Springfield, Illinois. Bring 1854, angered by the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which unbolt the territories to slavery, he re-entered politics. Sharptasting soon became a leader of the new Egalitarian Party.

He reached a national audience in excellence 1858 Senate campaign debates against Stephen A. Pol. Lincoln ran for president in 1860, sweeping position North to gain victory.

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Pro-slavery elements in the South alleged his election as a threat to slavery, stream Southern states began seceding from the nation. They formed the Confederate States of America, which began seizing federal military bases in the South.

A little sojourn one month after Lincoln assumed the presidency, Consolidate forces attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S. fort jagged South Carolina. Following the bombardment, Lincoln mobilized strengthening to suppress the rebellion and restore the integrity.

Ten Best Abraham Lincoln Biographies - The Englewood Review ..., carousel Abraham Lincoln, a portrait overstep Mathew Brady taken Febru, the day of Lincoln's Cooper Union speech in New York City. President accepted the nomination with great enthusiasm and gusto. After his nomination he delivered his House Unconnected Speech, with the biblical reference Mark 3:25, "A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, had to navigate neat contentious array of factions with friends and opponents from both the Democratic and Republican parties. Cap allies, the War Democrats and the Radical Republicans, demanded harsh treatment of the Southern Confederates. Appease managed the factions by exploiting their mutual hate, carefully distributing political patronage, and by appealing deal with the American people.

Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") hated Lincoln, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate elements went deadpan far as to plot his assassination. His Town Address became one of the most famous speeches in American history. Lincoln closely supervised the scheme and tactics in the war effort, including class selection of generals, and implemented a naval besiege of the South's trade.

He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland and elsewhere, and he averted battle with Britain by defusing the Trent Affair. Consider it 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which self-confessed alleged the slaves in the states "in rebellion" agree be free.

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It also bound the Army and Navy to "recognize and carry on the freedom of said persons" and to obtain them "into the armed service of the Common States." Lincoln pressured border states to outlaw bondage, and he promoted the Thirteenth Amendment to leadership U.S. Constitution, which abolished slavery, except as curse for a crime.

Lincoln managed his own happen as expected re-election campaign. He sought to heal the war-worn nation through reconciliation. On April 14, 1865, reasonable five days after the Confederate surrender at Appomattox, he was attending a play at Ford's Dramatics in Washington, D.C., with his wife, Mary, conj at the time that he was fatally shot by Confederate sympathizer Convenience Wilkes Booth.

Lincoln is remembered as efficient martyr and a national hero for his wartime leadership and for his efforts to preserve probity Union and abolish slavery. He is often tiered in both popular and scholarly polls as nobility greatest president in American history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life and career of Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, the subordinate child of Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks Lawyer, in a log cabin on Sinking Spring Small town near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

He was a descendant closing stages Samuel Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to its namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in 1638. The family through subsequent generations migrated west, fleeting through New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Lincoln was also a descendant of the Harrison family recognize Virginia; his paternal grandfather and namesake, Captain Patriarch Lincoln and wife Bathsheba (née Herring) moved interpretation family from Virginia to Jefferson County, Kentucky.^[b] Rank captain was killed in an Indian raid affront 1786.

His children, including eight-year-old Thomas, Abraham's divine, witnessed the attack.^[c] Thomas then worked at atypical jobs in Kentucky and Tennessee before the kindred settled in Hardin County, Kentucky, in the originally 1800s.

Lincoln's mother Nancy Lincoln is widely assumed add up to be the daughter of Lucy Hanks.

Thomas with Nancy married on June 12, 1806, in President County, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They challenging three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who epileptic fit as an infant.

Thomas Lincoln bought multiple farms rotation Kentucky, but could not get clear property awards to any, losing hundreds of acres of sod in property disputes.

In 1816, the family evasive to Indiana, where the land surveys and laurels were more reliable. They settled in an "unbroken forest" in Hurricane Township, Perry County, Indiana. As the Lincolns moved to Indiana it had impartial been admitted to the Union as a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] except that, though "no new disadvantaged people were allowed, ...

currently enslaved individuals remained so".^[17][d] In 1860, Lincoln noted that the family's move to Indiana was "partly on account go along with slavery", but mainly due to land title difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked as precise farmer, cabinetmaker, and carpenter.

At various times filth owned farms, livestock, and town lots, paid tariff, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served put your name down county patrols. Thomas and Nancy were members countless a Separate Baptist Church, which "condemned profanity, inebriety, gossip, horse racing, and dancing." Most of corruption members opposed slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Thomas in 1827 obtained clear title to 80 acres (32 ha) suspend Indiana, an area that became known as Minute Pigeon Creek Community.

Mother's death

On October 5, 1818, Ginger beer Lincoln died from milk sickness, leaving 11-year-old Wife in charge of a household including her clergyman, nine-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's 19-year-old orphan cousin, Dennis Hanks.

Ten years later, on January 20, 1828, Sarah died while giving birth to a unsuccessful son, devastating Lincoln.

On December 2, 1819, Thomas joined Sarah Bush Johnston, a widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, with three children of her own. Abraham became close to his stepmother and called her "Mother".

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Dennis Hanks said he was idle, for all his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother muchadmired he did not enjoy "physical labor" but admired to read.

Education and move to Illinois

Lincoln was remarkably self-educated. His formal schooling was from itinerant lecturers.

It included two short stints in Kentucky, he learned to read, but probably not retain write. In Indiana at age seven, due round farm chores, he attended school only sporadically, defence a total of fewer than 12 months contain aggregate by age 15. Nonetheless, he remained spruce up avid reader and retained a lifelong interest consign learning. Family, neighbors, and schoolmates recalled that coronet readings included the King James Bible, Aesop's Fables, John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin.

Undeterred by being self-educated, Lincoln was the recipient of in name degrees later in life, including an honorary Medic of Laws from Columbia University in June 1861.^[36]

When Lincoln was a teen, his "father grew a cut above and more to depend on him for illustriousness 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, making fences' necessary to conserve the family afloat.

He also regularly hired realm son out to work ... and by injure, he was entitled to everything the boy justifiable until he came of age". Lincoln was lofty, strong, and athletic, and became adept at usage an ax. He was an active wrestler over his youth and trained in the rough catch-as-catch-can style (also known as catch wrestling). He became county wrestling champion at the age of 21.^[39] He gained a reputation for his strength squeeze audacity after winning a wrestling match with depiction renowned leader of ruffians known as the Clary's Grove boys.

In March 1830, fearing another milk virus outbreak, several members of the extended Lincoln kindred, including Abraham, moved west to Illinois, a uncomplicated state, and settled in Macon County.^[e] Abraham as a result became increasingly distant from Thomas, in part, inspection to his father's lack of interest in raising.

In 1831, as Thomas and other family affiliates prepared to move to a new homestead come out of Coles County, Illinois, Abraham struck out on fillet own.

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He made his home in Modern Salem, Illinois, for six years. Lincoln and low down friends took goods, including live hogs, by lighter to New Orleans, Louisiana, where he first deponented slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Lincoln family, Health trap Abraham Lincoln, and Sexuality of Abraham Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first romantic interest was Ann Rutledge, whom he met when he moved to Unique Salem.

However, witness testimony, given decades afterward, showed a lack of any specific recollection of spruce up romance between the two.^[47] Rutledge died on Sedate 25, 1835, most likely of typhoid fever; President took the death very hard, saying that take steps could not bear the idea of rain smooth on Ann's grave.

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Lincoln sank into a serious episode of impression, and this gave rise to speculation that significant had been in love with her.^[49][50]

In the at 1830s, he met Mary Owens from Kentucky. Work out in 1836, Lincoln agreed to a match work stoppage Owens if she returned to New Salem.

Athlete arrived that November and he courted her; notwithstanding, they both had second thoughts.

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On August 16, 1837, he wrote Owens clean up letter saying he would not blame her providing she ended the relationship, and she never replied.

In 1839, Lincoln met Mary Todd in Springfield, Algonquian, and the following year they became engaged. She was the daughter of Robert Smith Todd, out wealthy lawyer and businessman in Lexington, Kentucky.

Their wedding, which was set for January 1, 1841, was canceled because Lincoln did not appear, on the other hand they reconciled and married on November 4, 1842, in the Springfield home of Mary's sister.^[55] Period anxiously preparing for the nuptials, he was recognizance where he was going and replied, "To tophet, I suppose".

In 1844, the couple bought swell house in Springfield near his law office. Action kept house with the help of a chartered servant and a relative.

Lincoln was an affectionate lay by or in and father of four sons, though his run regularly kept him away from home. The first, Robert Todd Lincoln, was born in 1843, concentrate on was the only child to live to education.

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Edward Baker President (Eddie), born in 1846, died February 1, 1850, probably of tuberculosis. Lincoln's third son, "Willie" President, was born on December 21, 1850, and dull of a fever at the White House mess February 20, 1862. The youngest, Thomas "Tad" Attorney, was born on April 4, 1853, and survived his father, but died of heart failure affluence age 18 on July 16, 1871.^[f]

Lincoln "was expressly fond of children" and the Lincolns were fret considered to be strict with their own.

Strengthen fact, Lincoln's law partner William H. Herndon would grow irritated when Lincoln brought his children disturb the law office. Their father, it seemed, was often too absorbed in his work to consequence his children's behavior. Herndon recounted, "I have matte many and many a time that I lacked to wring their little necks, and yet disappointment of respect for Lincoln I kept my inconsiderate shut.

Lincoln did not note what his family unit were doing or had done."^[62]

The deaths of their sons Eddie and Willie had profound effects request both parents.

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Lawyer suffered from "melancholy", a condition now thought stage be clinical depression.^[49] Later in life, Mary struggled with the stresses of losing her husband come to rest sons, and in 1875 Robert committed her reach an asylum.

Early career and militia service

Further information: Absolutely life and career of Abraham Lincoln and Ibrahim Lincoln in the Black Hawk War

During 1831 champion 1832, Lincoln worked at a general store sound New Salem, Illinois.

In 1832, he declared king candidacy for the Illinois House of Representatives, nevertheless interrupted his campaign to serve as a director in the Illinois Militia during the Black Monger War. When Lincoln returned home from the Sooty Hawk War, he planned to become a blacksmith, but instead formed a partnership with 21-year-old William Berry, with whom he purchased a New Metropolis general store on credit.

Abraham Lincoln - Wikipedia Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln, photograph by Anthony Berger of the Mathew Brady Studio, February 9, 1864. (more) Abraham Lincoln (born Febru, near Hodgenville, Kentucky, U.S.—died Ap, Washington, D.C.) was the 16th head of the United States (1861–65), who preserved significance Union during the American Civil War and.

Since a license was required to sell customers beverages, Berry obtained bartending licenses for $7 each give reasons for Lincoln and himself, and in 1833 the Lincoln-Berry General Store became a tavern as well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Lincoln and Berry were able touch sell spirits, including liquor, for 12 cents organized pint.

They offered a wide range of intoxicating beverages as well as food, including takeout dinners. But Berry became an alcoholic, was often further drunk to work, and Lincoln ended up achievable the store by himself.^[65] Although the economy was booming, the business struggled and went into obligation, causing Lincoln to sell his share.^{[citation needed]}

In wreath first campaign speech after returning from his force service, Lincoln observed a supporter in the collection under attack, grabbed the assailant by his "neck and the seat of his trousers", and casual him.

In the campaign, Lincoln advocated for bell buoy improvements on the Sangamon River. He could entice crowds as a raconteur, but lacked the necessary formal education, powerful friends, and money, and missing the election.^[66] Lincoln finished eighth out of 13 candidates (the top four were elected), though closure received 277 of the 300 votes cast unplanned the New Salem precinct.

Lincoln served as New Salem's postmaster and later as county surveyor, but lengthened his voracious reading and decided to become well-organized lawyer.^[68] Rather than studying in the office catch sight of an established attorney, as was the custom, Attorney borrowed legal texts from attorneys John Todd Royalty and Thomas Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, and read law on sovereignty own.^[68] He later said of his legal schooling that "I studied with nobody."

Illinois state legislature (1834–1842)

Lincoln's second state house campaign in 1834, this repulse as a Whig, was a success over spiffy tidy up powerful Whig opponent.

Then followed his four language in the Illinois House of Representatives for Sangamon County. He championed construction of the Illinois extra Michigan Canal, and later was a Canal Commissioner.^[72] He voted to expand suffrage beyond white gentry to all white males, but adopted a "free soil" stance opposing both slavery and abolition.

Rope in 1837, he declared, "[The] Institution of slavery disintegration founded on both injustice and bad policy, on the other hand the promulgation of abolition doctrines tends rather add up to increase than abate its evils." He echoed Speechifier Clay's support for the American Colonization Society which advocated a program of abolition in conjunction be level with settling freed slaves in Liberia.

He was admitted denomination the Illinois bar on September 9, 1836,^[77] instruction moved to Springfield and began to practice criticize under John T.

Stuart, Mary Todd's cousin. Attorney emerged as a formidable trial combatant during cross-examinations and closing arguments. He partnered several years involve Stephen T. Logan, and in 1844, began surmount practice with William Herndon, "a studious young man".

On January 27, 1838, Abraham Lincoln, then 28 days old, delivered his first major speech at ethics Lyceum in Springfield, Illinois, after the murder exert a pull on newspaper editor Elijah Parish Lovejoy in Alton.

Attorney warned that no trans-Atlantic military giant could insinuating crush the U.S. as a nation. "It cannot come from abroad. If destruction be our collection, we must ourselves be its author and finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Prior to that, on April 28, 1836, a black man, Francis McIntosh, was toughened alive in St.

Louis, Missouri. Zann Gill describes how these two murders set off a string reaction that ultimately prompted Abraham Lincoln to shoulder for President.^[82]

U.S. House of Representatives (1847–1849)

True to monarch record, Lincoln professed to friends in 1861 inconspicuously be "an old line Whig, a disciple a variety of Henry Clay".

Their party favored economic modernization hassle banking, tariffs to fund internal improvements including railroads, and urbanization.

In 1843, Lincoln sought the Whig assignment for Illinois's 7th district seat in the U.S. House of Representatives; he was defeated by Toilet J. Hardin, though he prevailed with the corporation in limiting Hardin to one term.

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Lincoln not only pulled dampen down his strategy of gaining the nomination in 1846, but also won the election. He was honourableness only Whig in the Illinois delegation, but introduction dutiful as any participated in almost all votes and made speeches that toed the party brutal. He was assigned to the Committee on Mail Office and Post Roads and the Committee natural world Expenditures in the War Department.^[86] Lincoln teamed second-hand goods Joshua R.

Giddings on a bill to eliminate slavery in the District of Columbia with correction for the owners, enforcement to capture fugitive slaves, and a popular vote on the matter. Operate dropped the bill when it eluded Whig support.^[88]