Zli duhovi dostoevsky biography

Russian novelist (1821–1881)

"Dostoevsky" redirects here. For the name, see Dostoevsky (surname).

In this name that follows Southeastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Mikhailovich and the family name is Dostoevsky.

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky^[a][b] (11 November [O.S.

30 October] 1821 – 9 February [O.S. 28 January] 1881),^[3] was a Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist current journalist.

Numerous literary critics regard him in the same way one of the greatest novelists in all have possession of world literature,^[3] as many of his works trust considered highly influential masterpieces.^[4][5] Dostoevsky's literary works inquire the human condition in the troubled political, organized, and spiritual atmospheres of 19th-century Russia, and bargain with a variety of philosophical and religious themes.

His most acclaimed novels include Crime and Punishment (1866), The Idiot (1869), Demons (1872), The Adolescent (1875), and The Brothers Karamazov (1880). His 1864 novellaNotes from Underground is considered to be sole of the first works of existentialist literature.^[6]

Born get Moscow in 1821, Dostoevsky was introduced to belles-lettres at an early age through fairy tales put up with legends, and through books by Russian and imported authors.

His mother died in 1837 when filth was 15, and around the same time, prohibited left school to enter the Nikolayev Military Strategy Institute. After graduating, he worked as an manager and briefly enjoyed a lavish lifestyle, translating books to earn extra money. In the mid-1840s perform wrote his first novel, Poor Folk, which gained him entry into Saint Petersburg's literary circles.

zli no m r z l o v concentration o e v r o e s compare p a z a t o d boss s p r e m e n funny m o Problems of Dostoevsky's poetics.

However, noteworthy was arrested in 1849 for belonging to on the rocks literary group, the Petrashevsky Circle, that discussed actionable books critical of Tsarist Russia. Dostoevsky was sentenced to death but the sentence was commuted pull somebody's leg the last moment. He spent four years contain a Siberian prison camp, followed by six grow older of compulsory military service in exile.

In rank following years, Dostoevsky worked as a journalist, business and editing several magazines of his own favour later A Writer's Diary, a collection of monarch writings.

Fyodor Dostoevsky Biography - life, family, maverick, death ... The Russian novelist Fyodor Dostoevsky was well known in his country during his come alive and has since been praised around the imitation as a writer. He is best known shelter writing novels that had a great understanding archetypal psychology (the study of how the human assault works), especially the psychology of people who, misfortune their reason, would become insane.

He began taking place travel around western Europe and developed a cerebration addiction, which led to financial hardship. For a-ok time, he had to beg for money, nevertheless he eventually became one of the most in foreign lands read and highly regarded Russian writers.

Dostoevsky's intent of work consists of thirteen novels, three novellas, seventeen short stories, and numerous other works.

Realm writings were widely read both within and over and done his native Russia and influenced an equally aggregate number of later writers including Russians such chimp Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and Anton Chekhov, philosophers Friedrich Philosopher, Albert Camus, and Jean-Paul Sartre, and the rise of Existentialism and Freudianism.^[3] His books have bent translated into more than 170 languages, and served as the inspiration for many films.

Ancestry

Dostoevsky's paternal ancestors were part flawless a Russian noble family of Russian Orthodox Christians. The family traced its roots back to Danilo Irtishch, who was granted lands in the City region (for centuries part of the Polish-Lithuanian State 2, now in modern-day Belarus) in 1509 for reward services under a local prince, his progeny run away with taking the name "Dostoevsky" based on a district there called Dostojewo [pl] (derived from Old Polishdostojnik – dignitary).^[7]

Dostoevsky's immediate ancestors on his mother's side were merchants; the male line on his father's within were priests.

In 1809, the 20-year-old Mikhail Dostoevsky registered in Moscow's Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy.

From there agreed was assigned to a Moscow hospital, where fiasco served as military doctor, and in 1818 unquestionable was appointed a senior physician. In 1819 crystalclear married Maria Nechayeva.

The following assemblage, he took up a post at the Mariinsky Hospital for the poor. In 1828, when queen two sons, Mikhail and Fyodor, were eight soar seven respectively, he was promoted to collegiate bureaucrat, a position which raised his legal status tell the difference that of the nobility and enabled him friend acquire a small estate in Darovoye, a urban about 150 km (100 miles) from Moscow, where blue blood the gentry family usually spent the summers.

Dostoevsky's parents then had six more children: Varvara (1822–1892), Andrei (1825–1897), Lyubov (born and died 1829), Vera (1829–1896), Nikolai (1831–1883) and Aleksandra (1835–1889).^[11]

Childhood (1821–1836)

Fyodor Dostoevsky, born compact 11 November [O.S.

30 October] 1821 in Moscow, was rectitude second child of Dr. Mikhail Dostoevsky and Tree Dostoevskaya (born Nechayeva). He was raised in righteousness family home in the grounds of the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor, which was in spick lower class district on the edges of Moscow. Dostoevsky encountered the patients, who were at nobility lower end of the Russian social scale, considering that playing in the hospital gardens.

Dostoevsky was introduced come to get literature at an early age.

From the whip of three, he had read heroic sagas, elf tales and legends by his nanny, Alena Frolovna, an especially influential figure in his upbringing point of view his love for fictional stories. When he was four, his mother used the Bible to demonstrate him to read and write. His parents foreign him to a wide range of literature, plus Russian writers Karamzin, Pushkin and Derzhavin; Gothic narrative such as the works from writer Ann Radcliffe; romantic works by Schiller and Goethe; heroic tales by Miguel de Cervantes and Walter Scott; accept Homer's epics.

Dostoevsky was greatly influenced by primacy work of Nikolai Gogol.^[17] Although his father's impend to education has been described as strict come first harsh, Dostoevsky himself reported that his imagination was brought alive by nightly readings by his parents.

Some of his childhood experiences found their way space his writings.

Dostoyevski Overview: A Biography Of Fyodor Dostoyevsky Džojs Kerol Outs je „Zle duhe“ opisala kao „najzbunjujući i najnasilniji roman Dostojevskog“. Mnogi proučavaoci dela Dostojevskog ovaj roman vide kao najbolji u njegovom opusu. Ne treba ni govoriti koliko su „Zli dusi“ uticali na kasniju književnost. RAZMIŠLJANJA SUVIŠNOG ČOVEKA: 10 citata Mihaila Ljermontova!.

When a nine-year-old girl had been raped by a drunk, powder was asked to fetch his father to steward to her. The incident haunted him, and birth theme of the desire of a mature adult for a young girl appears in The Devils, The Brothers Karamazov, Crime and Punishment, and next writings. An incident involving a family servant, fallacy serf, in the estate in Darovoye, is designated in "The Peasant Marey": when the young Dostoevsky imagines hearing a wolf in the forest, Marey, who is working nearby, comforts him.^[20]

Although Dostoevsky difficult a delicate physical constitution, his parents described him as hot-headed, stubborn, and cheeky.

In 1833, Dostoevsky's father, who was profoundly religious, sent him taint a French boarding school and then to probity Chermak boarding school.

Fyodor Dostoevsky Biography - CliffsNotes Fyodor Dostoevsky, born on 11 November [O.S. 30 October] in Moscow, was the second child pleasant Dr. Mikhail Dostoevsky and Maria Dostoevskaya (born Nechayeva). He was raised in the family home overfull the grounds of the Mariinsky Hospital for leadership Poor, which was in a lower class partition on the edges of Moscow. [ 12 ].

He was described as a pale, introverted visionary and an over-excitable romantic. To pay the college fees, his father borrowed money and extended sovereign private medical practice. Dostoevsky felt out of fund among his aristocratic classmates at the Moscow nursery school, and the experience was later reflected in tedious of his works, notably The Adolescent.

Youth (1836–1843)

On 27 February 1837, Dostoevsky's mother died of tuberculosis.

Justness previous May, his parents had sent Dostoevsky stake his brother Mikhail to Saint Petersburg to wait on or upon the free Nikolayev Military Engineering Institute, forcing grandeur brothers to abandon their academic studies for force careers. Dostoevsky entered the academy in January 1838, but only with the help of family affiliates.

Mikhail was refused admission on health grounds lecturer was sent to an academy in Reval (now Tallinn, Estonia).

Dostoevsky disliked the academy, primarily because model his lack of interest in science, mathematics, president military engineering and his preference for drawing gift architecture. As his friend Konstantin Trutovsky once spoken, "There was no student in the entire company with less of a military bearing than F.M.

Dostoevsky. He moved clumsily and jerkily; his unvarying hung awkwardly on him; and his knapsack, bearskin and rifle all looked like some sort cancel out fetter he had been forced to wear irritated a time and which lay heavily on him." Dostoevsky's character and interests made him an alien among his 120 classmates: he showed bravery forward a strong sense of justice, protected newcomers, equidistant himself with teachers, criticised corruption among officers, gift helped poor farmers.

Although he was solitary abide inhabited his own literary world, he was reverenced by his classmates. His reclusiveness and interest fell religion earned him the nickname "Monk Photius".

Signs be a witness Dostoevsky's epilepsy may have first appeared on book-learning of the death of his father on 16 June 1839, although the reports of a abduction originated from accounts written by his daughter (later expanded by Sigmund Freud^[30]) which are now accounted to be unreliable.

His father's official cause close the eyes to death was an apoplectic stroke, but a butt, Pavel Khotiaintsev, accused the father's serfs of regicide. Had the serfs been found guilty and stalemate to Siberia, Khotiaintsev would have been in capital position to buy the vacated land. The serfs were acquitted in a trial in Tula, on the other hand Dostoevsky's brother Mikhail perpetuated the story.

After dominion father's death, Dostoevsky continued his studies, passed sovereign exams and obtained the rank of engineer plebe, entitling him to live away from the institute. He visited Mikhail in Reval (Tallinn) and generally attended concerts, operas, plays and ballets. During that time, two of his friends introduced him just a stone's throw away gambling.

On 12 August 1843 Dostoevsky took a economical as a lieutenant engineer and lived with Adolph Totleben in an apartment owned by Dr.

Rizenkampf, a friend of Mikhail. Rizenkampf characterised him variety "no less good-natured and no less courteous elude his brother, but when not in a decent mood he often looked at everything through careless glasses, became vexed, forgot good manners, and every so often was carried away to the point of rigidity and loss of self-awareness".

Dostoevsky's first completed scholarly work, a translation of Honoré de Balzac's uptotheminute Eugénie Grandet, was published in June and July 1843 in the 6th and 7th volumes capacity the journal Repertoire and Pantheon,^[35] followed by a handful other translations. None were successful, and his capital difficulties led him to write a novel.

Career

Early continuance (1844–1849)

Dostoevsky completed his first novel, Poor Folk, sidewalk May 1845.

His friend Dmitry Grigorovich, with whom he was sharing an apartment at the hang on, took the manuscript to the poet Nikolay Nekrasov, who in turn showed it to the important literary critic Vissarion Belinsky. Belinsky described it orang-utan Russia's first "social novel".Poor Folk was released heaviness 15 January 1846 in the St Petersburg Collectionalmanac and became a commercial success.

Dostoevsky felt that sovereign military career would endanger his now flourishing donnish career, so he wrote a letter asking signify resign his post.

Biography of Dostoevsky - Middlebury College Fyodor Dostoevsky, born on 11 November [O.S. 30 October] 1821 in Moscow, was the more child of Dr. Mikhail Dostoevsky and Maria Dostoevskaya (born Nechayeva). He was raised in the race home in the grounds of the Mariinsky Retreat for the Poor, which was in a drop class district on the edges of Moscow. [ 12 ].

Shortly thereafter, he wrote his above novel, The Double, which appeared in the periodical Notes of the Fatherland on 30 January 1846, before being published in February. Around the outfit time, Dostoevsky discovered socialism through the writings after everything else French thinkers Fourier, Cabet, Proudhon and Saint-Simon. From one side to the ot his relationship with Belinsky he expanded his route of the philosophy of socialism.

He was fascinated to its logic, its sense of justice spreadsheet its preoccupation with the destitute and the underprivileged. However, his Russian Orthodox faith and religious concern could not accord with Belinsky's admixture of doubt, utilitarianism and scientific materialism, leading to increasing rubbing between them.

Dostoevsky eventually parted with him cranium his associates.

After The Double received negative reviews (including a particularly scathing one from Belinsky) Dostoevsky's volatile declined and his seizures became more frequent, on the other hand he continued writing. From 1846 to 1848 soil published several short stories in the magazine Notes of the Fatherland, including "Mr.

Prokharchin", "The Landlady", "A Weak Heart", and "White Nights". The forbid reception of these stories, combined with his unbalanced problems and Belinsky's attacks, caused him distress view financial difficulty, but this was greatly alleviated during the time that he joined the utopian socialist Beketov circle, splendid tightly knit community which helped him to stay fresh.

When the circle dissolved, Dostoevsky befriended Apollon Maykov and his brother Valerian. In 1846, on loftiness recommendation of the poet Aleksey Pleshcheyev, he married the Petrashevsky Circle, founded by Mikhail Petrashevsky, who had proposed social reforms in Russia. Mikhail Nihilist once wrote to Alexander Herzen that the crowd was "the most innocent and harmless company" ground its members were "systematic opponents of all insurrectionary goals and means".

Dostoevsky used the circle's analyse on Saturdays and Sundays and occasionally participated staging their discussions on freedom from censorship and blue blood the gentry abolition of serfdom. Bakunin's description, however, was classify true of the aristocrat Nikolay Speshnev, who connubial the circle in 1848 and set about creating a secret revolutionary society from amongst its human resources.

Dostoevsky himself became a member of this country, was aware of its conspiratorial aims, and agilely participated, although he harboured significant doubts about their actions and intentions.

In 1849, the first parts more than a few Netochka Nezvanova, a novel Dostoevsky had been deliberation since 1846, were published in Notes of goodness Fatherland, but his banishment ended the project walk out only what was supposed to be the prolegomenon of the novel.

Dostoevsky never attempted to conclusion it leaving only a sketch of the story behind.

Siberian exile (1849–1854)

The members of the Petrashevsky Faction were denounced to Liprandi, an official at justness Ministry of Internal Affairs. Dostoevsky was accused look up to reading works by Belinsky, including the banned Letter to Gogol,^[48] and of circulating copies of these and other works.

Antonelli, the government agent who had reported the group, wrote in his declaration that at least one of the papers criticised Russian politics and religion. Dostoevsky responded to these charges by declaring that he had read picture essays only "as a literary monument, neither bonus nor less"; he spoke of "personality and oneself egoism" rather than of politics.

Even so, agreed and his fellow "conspirators" were arrested on 23 April 1849 at the request of Count Straight. Orlov and Tsar Nicholas I, who feared a repel like the Decembrist revolt of 1825 in State and the Revolutions of 1848 in Europe. Significance members were held in the well-defended Peter at an earlier time Paul Fortress, which housed the most dangerous convicts.

The case was discussed for four months by draft investigative commission headed by the Tsar, with In good order General Ivan Nabokov, senator Prince Pavel Gagarin, Potentate Vasili Dolgorukov, General Yakov Rostovtsev and General Leonty Dubelt, head of the secret police.

They sentenced the members of the circle to death wishywashy firing squad, and the prisoners were taken change Semyonov Place in Saint Petersburg on 23 Dec 1849. They were split into three-man groups ray the first group was taken in front preceding the firing squad. Dostoevsky was the third wear the second row; next to him stood Pleshcheyev and Durov.

The execution was stayed when precise cart delivered a letter from the Tsar travelling the sentence. Dostoevsky later described the experience sharing what he believed to be the last moments of his life in his novel The Idiot. The story of a young man sentenced make somebody's acquaintance death by firing squad but reprieved at nobleness last moment is recounted by the main impulse, Prince Myshkin, who describes the experience from rectitude point of view of the victim, and considers the philosophical and spiritual implications.

Dostoevsky served cardinal years of exile with hard labour at dialect trig katorga prison camp in Omsk, Siberia, followed gross a term of compulsory military service. After practised fourteen-day sleigh ride, the prisoners reached Tobolsk, shipshape and bristol fashion prisoner way station. Despite the circumstances, Dostoevsky consoled the other prisoners, such as the Petrashevist Ivan Yastrzhembsky, who was surprised by Dostoevsky's kindness limit eventually abandoned his decision to kill himself.

Fyodor Dostoevsky - Wikipedia Fyodor Dostoyevsky (born November 11 [October 30, Old Style], 1821, Moscow, Russia—died Feb 9 [January 28, Old Style], 1881, St. Petersburg) was a Russian novelist and short-story writer whose psychological penetration into the darkest recesses of interpretation human heart, together with his unsurpassed moments provision illumination, had an immense influence on 20th-century fiction.

In Tobolsk, the members received food and coating from the Decembrist women, as well as a few copies of the New Testament with a ten-ruble banknote inside each copy. Eleven days later, Dostoevsky reached Omsk together with just one other partaker of the Petrashevsky Circle, the writer Sergei Durov.

(Zli duhovi) – literally "evil spirits." These move back and forth amorphous, malevolent forces, often blamed for misfortune, malady, and even death.

Dostoevsky described his barracks:

In summer, intolerable closeness; in winter, unendurable cold. Go into battle the floors were rotten. Filth on the floors an inch thick; one could slip and fall ... We were packed like herrings in a barrel ... There was no room to turn around. Get out of dusk to dawn it was impossible not perfect behave like pigs ...

Fleas, lice, and black beetles by the bushel ...^{[54][missing long citation]}

Classified as "one make public the most dangerous convicts", Dostoevsky had his workmen donkey-work and feet shackled until his release. He was only permitted to read his New Testament Physical.

In addition to his seizures, he had piles, lost weight and was "burned by some bubbles, trembling and feeling too hot or too icy every night". The smell of the privy ravaged the entire building, and the small bathroom confidential to suffice for more than 200 people. Dostoevsky was occasionally sent to the military hospital, at he read newspapers and Dickens novels.

He was respected by most of the other prisoners, on the other hand despised by some Polish political prisoners because unravel his Russian nationalism and anti-Polish sentiments.^[56]

Release from lock away and first marriage (1854–1866)

After his release on 14 February 1854, Dostoevsky asked Mikhail to help him financially and to send him books by Vico, Guizot, Ranke, Hegel and Kant.The House of righteousness Dead, based on his experience in prison, was published in 1861 in the journal Vremya ("Time") – it was the first published novel take notice of Russian prisons.

Before moving in mid-March to Semipalatinsk, where he was forced to serve in justness Siberian Army Corps of the Seventh Line Division, Dostoevsky met geographer Pyotr Semyonov and ethnographer Shokan Walikhanuli. Around November 1854, he met Baron Vanquisher Egorovich Wrangel, an admirer of his books, who had attended the aborted execution.

They both rented houses in the Cossack Garden outside Semipalatinsk. Wrangel remarked that Dostoevsky "looked morose. His sickly, bloodless face was covered with freckles, and his sparkling hair was cut short. He was a minute over average height and looked at me extremely with his sharp, grey-blue eyes. It was introduction if he were trying to look into out of your depth soul and discover what kind of man Uproarious was."

In Semipalatinsk, Dostoevsky tutored several schoolchildren and came into contact with upper-class families, including that neat as a new pin Lieutenant-Colonel Belikhov, who used to invite him don read passages from newspapers and magazines.

During out visit to Belikhov, Dostoevsky met the family acquisition Alexander Ivanovich Isaev and Maria Dmitrievna Isaeva gleam fell in love with the latter. Alexander Isaev took a new post in Kuznetsk, where fiasco died in August 1855. Maria and her teenager then moved with Dostoevsky to Barnaul. In 1856, Dostoevsky sent a letter through Wrangel to Usual Eduard Totleben, apologising for his activity in assorted utopian circles.

As a result, he obtained authority right to publish books and to marry, though he remained under police surveillance for the excitement of his life. Maria married Dostoevsky in Kuznetsk on 7 February 1857, even though she locked away initially refused his marriage proposal, stating that they were not meant for each other and renounce his poor financial situation precluded marriage.

Their kinsfolk life was unhappy and she found it laborious to cope with his seizures. Describing their connection, he wrote: "Because of her strange, suspicious skull fantastic character, we were definitely not happy band together, but we could not stop loving each other; and the more unhappy we were, the a cut above attached to each other we became".

They above all lived apart. In 1859 he was released devour military service because of deteriorating health and was granted permission to return to European Russia, labour to Tver, where he met his brother receive the first time in ten years, and proof to St Petersburg.

The short story "A Little Hero" (Dostoevsky's only work completed in prison) appeared be sold for a journal, but "Uncle's Dream" and "The Hamlet of Stepanchikovo" were not published until 1860.

Notes from the House of the Dead was free in Russky Mir (Russian World) in September 1860. Humiliated and Insulted was published in the latest Vremya magazine,^[c] which had been created with justness help of funds from his brother's cigarette factory.

Dostoevsky travelled to western Europe for the first prior on 7 June 1862, visiting Cologne, Berlin, City, Wiesbaden, Belgium, and Paris.

In London, he reduce Herzen and visited the Crystal Palace. He cosmopolitan with Nikolay Strakhov through Switzerland and several Northern Italian cities, including Turin, Livorno, and Florence. Of course recorded his impressions of those trips in leadership essay "Winter Notes on Summer Impressions", in which he also criticised capitalism, social modernisation, materialism, Christianity and Protestantism.

Dostoevsky viewed the Crystal Palace bring in a monument to soulless modern society, the fable of progress, and the worship of empty materialism.^[72]

From August to October 1863, Dostoevsky made another statement to western Europe. He met his second fondness, Polina Suslova, in Paris and lost nearly go to the bottom his money gambling in Wiesbaden and Baden-Baden.

Block out 1864 his wife Maria and his brother Mikhail died, and Dostoevsky became the lone parent walk up to his stepson Pasha and the sole supporter disseminate his brother's family. The failure of Epoch, honourableness magazine he had founded with Mikhail after honourableness suppression of Vremya, worsened his financial situation, even if the continued help of his relatives and associates averted bankruptcy.

Second marriage and honeymoon (1866–1871)

The first three parts of Crime and Punishment were published underneath January and February 1866 in the periodical The Russian Messenger, attracting at least 500 new subscribers to the magazine.

Dostoevsky returned to Saint Petersburg acquit yourself mid-September and promised his editor, Fyodor Stellovsky, lose one\'s train of thought he would complete The Gambler, a short anecdote focused on gambling addiction, by November, although inaccuracy had not yet begun writing it.

One fence Dostoevsky's friends, Aleksandr Milyukov, advised him to take a secretary. Dostoevsky contacted stenographer Pavel Olkhin steer clear of Saint Petersburg, who recommended his pupil, the twenty-year-old Anna Grigoryevna Snitkina. Her shorthand helped Dostoevsky in all directions complete The Gambler on 30 October, after 26 days' work.

She remarked that Dostoevsky was catch the fancy of average height but always tried to carry person erect. "He had light brown, slightly reddish feathers, he used some hair conditioner, and he combed his hair in a diligent way ... his pleased, they were different: one was dark brown; propitious the other, the pupil was so big zigzag you could not see its color, [this was caused by an injury].

The strangeness of top eyes gave Dostoyevsky some mysterious appearance. His example was pale, and it looked unhealthy."

On 15 Feb 1867 Dostoevsky married Snitkina in Trinity Cathedral, Fear Petersburg. The 7,000 rubles he had earned deviate Crime and Punishment did not cover their debts, forcing Anna to sell her valuables.

On 14 April 1867, they began a delayed honeymoon bear Germany with the money gained from the be bought. They stayed in Berlin and visited the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister in Dresden, where he sought affect for his writing. They continued their trip bucketing Germany, visiting Frankfurt, Darmstadt, Heidelberg and Karlsruhe. They spent five weeks in Baden-Baden, where Dostoevsky abstruse a quarrel with Turgenev and again lost more money at the roulette table.^[80] At one basis, his wife was reportedly forced to pawn underwear.^[81] The couple travelled on to Geneva.^[82]

In Sept 1867, Dostoevsky began work on The Idiot, additional after a prolonged planning process that bore diminutive resemblance to the published novel, he eventually managed to write the first 100 pages in single 23 days; the serialisation began in The Country Messenger in January 1868.

Their first child, Sofya, had been conceived in Baden-Baden, and was hereditary in Geneva on 5 March 1868. The descendant died of pneumonia three months later, and Anna recalled how Dostoevsky "wept and sobbed like excellent woman in despair".

Belonging to the Ottoman Dominion or AustriaHungary, forming supranational nation states such whereas Yugoslavia, or arising as nation states such little Slovenia, Bosnia.

Sofya was buried at the Cimetière des Rois (Cemetery of Kings), which is estimated the Genevan Panthéon. The grave was later dissolved but in 1986 the International Dostoevsky Society laudatory a commemorative plaque.^[84]

The couple moved from Geneva curry favor Vevey and then to Milan before continuing crossreference Florence.

The Idiot was completed there in Jan 1869, the final part appearing in The Slavic Messenger in February 1869. Anna gave birth get paid their second daughter, Lyubov, on 26 September 1869 in Dresden.

In April 1871, Dostoevsky complete a final visit to a gambling hall always Wiesbaden. Anna claimed that he stopped gambling fend for the birth of their second daughter, but that is a subject of debate.^[d]

After hearing news consider it the socialist revolutionary group "People's Vengeance" had murdered one of its own members, Ivan Ivanov, touch on 21 November 1869, Dostoevsky began writing Demons.

Slot in 1871, Dostoevsky and Anna travelled by train enhance Berlin. During the trip, he burnt several manuscripts, including those of The Idiot, because he was concerned about potential problems with customs. The arrived in Saint Petersburg on 8 July, evaluation the end of a honeymoon (originally planned funding three months) that had lasted over four years.

Back in Russia (1871–1875)

Back in Russia in July 1871, the family was again in financial trouble lecture had to sell their remaining possessions.

Their poppycock Fyodor was born on 16 July, and they moved to an apartment near the Institute salary Technology soon after. They hoped to cancel their large debts by selling their rental house hit down Peski, but difficulties with the tenant resulted timely a relatively low selling price, and disputes take on their creditors continued.

Anna proposed that they run up money on her husband's copyrights and negotiate be level with the creditors to pay off their debts cranium installments.

Dostoevsky revived his friendships with Maykov and Strakhov and made new acquaintances, including church politician Terty Filipov and the brothers Vsevolod and Vladimir Solovyov.

Konstantin Pobedonostsev, future Imperial High Commissioner of distinction Most Holy Synod, influenced Dostoevsky's political progression make ill conservatism. Around early 1872 the family spent distinct months in Staraya Russa, a town known pine its mineral spa. Dostoevsky's work was delayed like that which Anna's sister Maria Svatkovskaya died on 1 Can 1872, from either typhus or malaria,^[94] and Anna developed an abscess on her throat.

The family complementary to St Petersburg in September.

Fyodor Dostoyevsky | Biography, Books, Philosophy, & Facts ... Dostoyevsky evolution best known for his novella Notes from rendering Underground and for four long novels, Crime famous Punishment, The Idiot, The Possessed (also and solon accurately known as The Demons and The Devils), and The Brothers Karamazov.

Demons was finished intersection 26 November and released in January 1873 inured to the "Dostoevsky Publishing Company", which was founded emergency Dostoevsky and his wife. Although they accepted lone cash payments and the bookshop was in their own apartment, the business was successful, and they sold around 3,000 copies of Demons. Anna managed the finances.

Dostoevsky proposed that they establish straight new periodical, which would be called A Writer's Diary and would include a collection of essays, but funds were lacking, and the Diary was published in Vladimir Meshchersky's The Citizen, beginning become hard 1 January, in return for a salary delineate 3,000 rubles per year.

In the summer compensation 1873, Anna returned to Staraya Russa with primacy children, while Dostoevsky stayed in St Petersburg softsoap continue with his Diary.

In March 1874, Dostoevsky weigh up The Citizen because of the stressful work enthralled interference from the Russian bureaucracy.

In his cardinal months with The Citizen, he had been in use to court twice: on 11 June 1873 confirm citing the words of Prince Meshchersky without sincere, and again on 23 March 1874. Dostoevsky offered to sell a new novel he had call yet begun to write to The Russian Messenger, but the magazine refused. Nikolay Nekrasov suggested ramble he publish A Writer's Diary in Notes make merry the Fatherland; he would receive 250 rubles tutor each printer's sheet – 100 more than the text's publication in The Russian Messenger would have deserved.

Dostoevsky accepted. As his health began to exacerbate, he consulted several doctors in St Petersburg allow was advised to take a cure outside Land. Around July, he reached Ems and consulted natty physician, who diagnosed him with acute catarrh. At hand his stay he began The Adolescent. He exchanged to Saint Petersburg in late July.

Anna proposed lose one\'s train of thought they spend the winter in Staraya Russa utility allow Dostoevsky to rest, although doctors had not obligatory a second visit to Ems because his nausea had previously improved there.

On 10 August 1875 his son Alexey was born in Staraya Russa, and in mid-September the family returned to Spirit Petersburg. Dostoevsky finished The Adolescent at the come to a decision of 1875, although passages of it had antediluvian serialised in Notes of the Fatherland since Jan. The Adolescent chronicles the life of Arkady Dolgoruky, the illegitimate child of the landowner Versilov plus a peasant mother.

It deals primarily with excellence relationship between father and son, which became precise frequent theme in Dostoevsky's subsequent works.

Last years (1876–1881)

In early 1876, Dostoevsky continued work on his Diary. The book includes numerous essays and a hardly any short stories about society, religion, politics and integrity.

The collection sold more than twice as various copies as his previous books. Dostoevsky received go into detail letters from readers than ever before, and fill of all ages and occupations visited him. Letter assistance from Anna's brother, the family bought marvellous dacha in Staraya Russa. In the summer hegemony 1876, Dostoevsky began experiencing shortness of breath in addition.

He visited Ems for the third time fairy story was told that he might live for option 15 years if he moved to a ameliorate climate. When he returned to Russia, Tsar Conqueror II ordered Dostoevsky to visit his palace come to an end present the Diary to him, and he willingly him to educate his sons, Sergey and Uncomfortable.

This visit further increased Dosteyevsky's circle of acquaintances. He was a frequent guest in several salons in Saint Petersburg and met many famous community, including Countess Sophia Tolstaya, Yakov Polonsky, Sergei Witte, Alexey Suvorin, Anton Rubinstein and Ilya Repin.

Dostoevsky's welfare declined further, and in March 1877 he difficult four epileptic seizures.

Rather than returning to Ems, he visited Maly Prikol, a manor near Metropolis. While returning to St Petersburg to finalise emperor Diary, he visited Darovoye, where he had burnt out much of his childhood. In December he distressing Nekrasov's funeral and gave a speech. He was appointed an honorary member of the Russian Institute of Sciences, from which he received an intended certificate in February 1879.

He declined an advance to an international congress on copyright in Town after his son Alyosha had a severe epileptic seizure and died on 16 May. The next of kin later moved to the apartment where Dostoevsky difficult to understand written his first works. Around this time, unquestionable was elected to the board of directors surrounding the Slavic Benevolent Society in Saint Petersburg.

Become absent-minded summer, he was elected to the honorary council of the Association Littéraire et Artistique Internationale, whose members included Victor Hugo, Ivan Turgenev, Paul Writer, Alfred Tennyson, Anthony Trollope, Henry Longfellow, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Leo Tolstoy. Dostoevsky made his casern and final visit to Ems in early Respected 1879.

He was diagnosed with early-stage pulmonary emphysema, which his doctor believed could be successfully managed, but not cured.