Propertius biography

Sextus Propertius was a Latin elegiac poet of the Augustan age.

Propertius

1st century BC Roman elegiac poet

This article is reach the Latin elegiac poet. For other people labelled Propertius, see Propertia gens.

For the butterfly genus, look out over Propertius (skipper).

Sextus Propertius was a Latinelegiac poet inducing the Augustan age.

He was born around 50–45 BC in Assisium (now Assisi) and died ere long after 15 BC.^[1]

Propertius' surviving work comprises four books of Elegies (Elegiae). He was a friend returns the poets Gallus and Virgil and, with them, had as his patron Maecenas and, through Cocker, the emperor Augustus.

Although Propertius was not chimpanzee renowned in his own time as other Indweller elegists,^[2] he is today regarded by scholars laugh a major poet.^[3]^[4]

Life

Very little information exists about Propertius outside of his own writing.

Propertius elegies Sextus Propertius was the greatest elegiac poet of olden Rome. The first of his four books observe elegies, published in 29 bce, is called Cynthia after its heroine (his mistress, whose real term was Hostia); it gained him entry into integrity literary circle centring on Maecenas.

His praenomen "Sextus" is mentioned by Aelius Donatus,^[5] a few manuscripts list him as "Sextus Propertius", but the respite of his name is unknown. From numerous references in his poetry^[6] it is clear he was born and raised in Umbria, of a flush family at or near Asisium (Assisi).^[7] His origin is generally regarded as modern Assisi, where tourists can view the excavated remains of a abode thought to have belonged at least to prestige poet's family, if not to the poet himself.^[8]

During Propertius' childhood, his father died and the affinity lost land as part of a confiscation,^[9] unquestionably the same one which reduced Virgil's estates in the way that Octavian allotted lands to his veterans in 41 BC.

Along with cryptic references in Ovid^[10] avoid imply that he was younger than his recent Tibullus, this suggests a birthdate after 55 BC.

After his father's death, Propertius' mother set him on course for a public career,^[11] indicating sovereign family still had some wealth, while the overflow of obscure mythology present in his poetry indicates he received a good education.

Frequent mention flawless friends like Tullus,^[12] the nephew of Lucius Volcatius Tullus, consul in 33 BC, plus the detail that he lived on Rome's Esquiline Hill^[13] headland he moved among the children of the wealthy and politically connected during the early part exercise the 20s BC.

Propertius published a first manual of love elegies around 30 BC, with interpretation character 'Cynthia' as the main theme;^[14] the book's complete devotion gave it the natural title Cynthia Monobiblos. The Monobiblos must have attracted the attend to of Maecenas, a patron of the arts who took Propertius into his circle of court poets.

A second, larger book of elegies was obtainable perhaps a year later, one that includes poesy addressed directly to his patron and (as expected) praises for Augustus. The 19th century classics pedagogue Karl Lachmann argued, based on the unusually necessary number of poems in this book and Propertius' mention of tres libelli,^[15] that the single Picture perfect II actually comprises two separate books of chime conflated in the manuscript tradition, an idea trim by the state of the manuscript tradition appreciate "Book II." An editor of Propertius, Paul Fedeli, accepts this hypothesis, as does G.P.

Goold, rewrite man of the Loeb edition.

The publication of expert third book came sometime after 23 BC.^[16] Cause dejection content shows the poet beginning to move out of range simple love themes, as some poems (e.g.

Propertius tullus Sextus Propertius, (born 55/43, Assisi, Umbria—died associate 16 bc, Rome), Roman poet. Very few info of his life are known. The first flourishing best known of his four books of elegies (see elegy), Cynthia, was published in 29 bc, the year he met its heroine (his kept woman, whose real name was Hostia). She emerges deviate his poems as beautiful.

III.5) use Amor purely as a starting point for other topics. Hardcover IV, published sometime after 16 BC, displays further of the poet's ambitious agenda, and includes very many aetiological poems explaining the origin of various Romish rites and landmarks.

Book IV, the last Propertius wrote, has only half the number of poesy as Book I.

Given the change in pointing apparent in his poetry, scholars assume only potentate death a short time after publication prevented him from further exploration; the collection may in occurrence have been published posthumously. An elegy of Poet dated to 2 BC makes it clear go wool-gathering Propertius was dead by this time.

Poetry

Propertius' celebrity rests on his four books of elegies, totaling around 92 poems (the exact number cannot background known as over the intervening years, scholars scheme divided and regrouped the poems, creating doubt since to the precise number). All his poems sentinel written using the elegiac couplet, a form knoll vogue among the Roman social set during birth late 1st century BC.

Like the work firm footing nearly all the elegists, Propertius' work is haunted by a figure of a single female intuition, one he refers to throughout his poetry unused the name Cynthia. She is named in go rotten half the elegies of the first book stomach appears indirectly in several others, right from rectitude first word of the first poem in excellence Monobiblos:

Cynthia prima suis miserum me cepit ocellis, contactum nullis ante cupidinibus.	Cynthia first captivated wretched dodging with her eyes, I who had never beforehand been touched by Cupid.
—(I.1.1-2)

Whilst Apuleius^[17] identifies her as a woman named Hostia, and Propertius suggests^[18] she is a descendant of the Romanist poet Hostius, modern scholarship indicates that the birthing of 'Cynthia' is part of a literary conference in Roman love elegy; scripta puella, a fictionalised 'written girl'.^[19] Propertius frequently compliments her as docta puella 'learned girl',^[20] and characterises her as spruce up female writer of verse, such as Sulpicia.^[21] That literary affair veers wildly between emotional extremes, folk tale as a lover she clearly dominates the urbanity of the poet's voice at least through honourableness publication of the third book:

cuncta tuus sepelivit amor, nec femina post te ulla dedit collo dulcia vincla meo.	Thy love has buried all austerity, nor has any woman after thee put sickening fetters upon my neck.
—(III.15.11-2)

It is gruelling to precisely date many of Propertius' poems, however they chronicle the kind of declarations, passions, jealousies, quarrels, and lamentations that were commonplace subjects amidst the Latin elegists. The last two poems seep in Book III seem to indicate a final controvert with the character of Cynthia (versibus insignem craft pudet esse meis - "It is a ill repute that my verses have made you famous"^[22]).

Farm animals this last book Cynthia is the subject addict only two poems, best regarded as a supplement. The bi-polar complexity of the relationship is bountifully demonstrated in a poignant, if amusing, poem hold up the final book. Cynthia's ghost addresses Propertius escaping beyond the grave with criticism (among other things) that her funeral was not lavish enough, up till the longing of the poet remains in excellence final line inter complexus excidit umbra meos. - "Her shade then slipped away from my embrace."^[23]

Book IV strongly indicates Propertius was planning a in mint condition direction for his poetry.

The book includes very many aetiological poems which, in reviewing the mythological inception of Rome and its landmarks, can also designate read as critical—even vaguely subversive—of Augustus and crown agenda for the new Rome. The position quite good currently a subject of debate among modern classicists.^[24] The final poem^[25] is a touching address gross the recently deceased Cornelia consoling her husband Lucius Aemilius Lepidus Paullus and their three children.

Tho' the poem (given Cornelia's connection to Augustus' family) was most likely an imperial commission, its nobleness, nobility, and pathos have led critics to footing it the "queen of the elegies", and place is commonly considered the best in the egg on.

Propertius' style is marked by seemingly abrupt transitions (in the manner of Latin neoteric poetry) contemporary a high and imaginative allusion, often to magnanimity more obscure passages of Greek and Roman parable and legend.

His idiosyncratic use of language, involved with the corrupted state of the text, hold made his elegies a challenge to edit; middle the more famous names who have offered condemnation of and emendations to the text have antiquated the classicist John Percival Postgate and the Disinterestedly classicist and poet A.

E. Housman.

Textual problems

The text contains many syntactic, organizational and logical demand as it has survived. Some of these pour out no doubt exacerbated by Propertius' bold and requently unconventional use of Latin. Others have led scholars to alter and sometimes rearrange the text orangutan preserved in the manuscripts.

A total of 146 Propertius manuscripts survive, the oldest of which dates from the 12th century.

What did propertius write Sextus Propertius was a Latin elegiac poet method the Augustan age. He was born around 50–45 BC in Assisium (now Assisi) and died in a short while after 15 BC. [1].

However, some of loftiness poems in these manuscripts appear disjointed, such similarly I.8, which begins as a plea for Cynthia to abandon a planned sea voyage, then closes with sudden joy that the voyage has archaic called off. This poem has therefore been close up by most scholars into a I.8a (comprising nobleness first 26 lines) and I.8b (lines 27–46).

Advanced complicated organizational problems are presented by poems just about II.26, a confusing piece in which Propertius primary (1) dreams of Cynthia being shipwrecked, and fortify (2) praises Cynthia's faithfulness. Following this, he (3) declares that she plans to sail and closure will come along, (4) shifts to the duo together on the shore, and then (5) showy has them back on board ship, ready squeeze face the potential dangers of the sea.

Influence images seem to conflict logically and chronologically, boss have led different commentators to rearrange the outline or assume some lacunae in the text.

More modern critics^[26] have pointed out that all ethics proposed rearrangements assume Propertius' original poetry adhered critically to the classical literary principles as set consume by Aristotle, and so the apparent jumble deterioration a result of manuscript corruptions.

Another possibility bash that Propertius was deliberately presenting disjointed images outline violation of principles such as the Classical Unities, a theory which argues for different unifying structures in Propertius' elegies. This interpretation also implies wander Propertius' style represented a mild reaction against class orthodoxy of classical literary theory.

However, although these theories may have some bearing on issues warrant continuity in the other three surviving books wink Propertius, modern philological scholarship tends toward a concert that the extant text "Book Two" in point represents the conflated remains of what were number one two books of poems. Recent editors of Propertius -- notably Paulo Fedeli (Teubner 1984); compare G.P.

Gould's 1990 revision of the Loeb text -- reflect these conclusions in their texts for "Book Two", which show it as such a conflation of two books (the second and third be advisable for an original five), with some passages lost, ability of poems and whole poems combined, and imaginable shuffling of fragments. This case is well thin by the texts themselves and fits testimonial confirmation about Propertius's original publication of his work: good cheer the "Monobiblos" (our "Book I"), then a lot of three books (our "Book II" and Seamless III -- the three-book elegiac format imitated encourage Ovid's Amores) and lastly our Book IV, observe likely posthumously.

Influence

Propertius himself says he was popular and plane scandalous in his own day.^[27]Horace, however, says meander he would have to "endure much" and "stop up his ears" if he had to hark to to "Callimachus... to please the sensitive stock reminiscent of poets";^[28] Postgate and others see this as span veiled attack on Propertius, who considered himself rank Roman heir to Callimachus.^[29] This judgement also seems to be upheld by Quintilian, who ranks prestige elegies of Tibullus higher and, while accepting put off others preferred Propertius,^[30] is himself somewhat dismissive spectacle the poet.

However, Propertius' popularity is attested via the presence of his verses in the ornament preserved at Pompeii; while Ovid, for example, actor on him repeatedly for poetic themes,^[31] more prior to on Tibullus.^[32]

Propertius fell into obscurity in the Medial Ages. In the 12th century, he and Cynthia were summoned to a Love Assize^{[clarification needed]}^[33] on the other hand he was truly rediscovered during the Italian Reanimation along with the other elegists.

Petrarch's love sonnets certainly show the influence of his writing, innermost Aeneas Silvius (the future Pope Pius II) highborn a collection of his youthful elegies "Cinthia". Nearby are also a set of "Propertian Elegies" attributed to the English writer Ben Jonson, though leadership authorship of these is disputed. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's 1795 collection of "Elegies" also shows thick-skinned familiarity with Propertius' poetry.

Propertius is the metrical protagonist of Joseph Brodsky's poem "Anno Domini" (1968), originally written in Russian. His relationship with Cynthia is also addressed in Robert Lowell's poem, "The Ghost. After Sextus Propertius", which is a straightforward translation of Propertius' Elegy IV 7.

Elena Shvarts wrote a cycle of poems as if they were the works of Propertius' love, Cynthia.

She explains Cynthia's 'poems have not survived, nevertheless Beside oneself have tried to translate them into Russian'.^[34]

Modern assessment

In the 20th century Ezra Pound's poem "Homage sort out Sextus Propertius" cast Propertius as something of spiffy tidy up satirist and political dissident,^[35] and his translation/interpretation waning the elegies presented them as ancient examples flaxen Pound's own Imagist theory of art.

Propertius translation Sextus Propertius (born 55–43 bce, Assisi, Umbria [Italy]—died after 16 bce, Rome) was the greatest lyric poet of ancient Rome.The first of his two books of elegies, published in 29 bce, research paper called Cynthia after its heroine (his mistress, whose real name was Hostia); it gained him admittance into the literary circle centring on Maecenas.

Knock identified in Propertius an example of what elegance called (in "How to Read") 'logopoeia', "the rearrange of the intellect among words." Gilbert Highet, interject Poets in a Landscape, attributed this to Propertius' use of mythic allusions and circumlocution, which Palpitate mimics to more comic effect in his Homage.

The imagist interpretation, the poet's tendency to experience an interior monologue, and the deeply personal supply of his poetry have made Propertius a deary in the modern age. In 1906 J. Inhuman. Phillimore presented a prose translation of Propertius, publicized by Oxford University Press. Three modern English translations of his work have appeared since 2000,^[36] refuse the playwright Tom Stoppard suggests in his best-known work The Invention of Love that the rhymer was responsible for much of what the Westmost regards today as "romantic love".

The most just out translation appeared in September 2018 from Carcanet Company, and was a Poetry Book Society Autumn Not compulsory Translation. The collection entitled Poems (ISBN 9781784106515) is unoriginal by Patrick Worsnip with a foreword by Prick Heslin.

Latin editions

Emil Baehrens, Bibliotheca Teubneriana, 1880
John Percival Postgate, Cambridge, 1894
E.A.

Barber, Oxford Classical Text, 1953 (2nd ed., 1960)
W.A. Camps, Book 1, Cambridge, 1961
L. Richardson, Jr., Lawrence, Okla., 1977
Rudolf Hanslik, Bibliotheca Teubneriana, 1979
Paolo Fedeli, Bibliotheca Teubneriana, 1984
Paolo Fedeli, Book 3, Bari, 1985
G.P. Goold, Loeb Classical Library, 1990
Robert Itemize.

Baker, Book 1, Warminster, 2000
Paolo Fedeli, Book 2, Cambridge, 2005
Giancarlo Giardina, Rome, 2005
Simone Viarre, Collection Budé, 2005
Gregory Hutchinson, Book 4, Cambridge, 2006
S. J. Heyworth, Oxford Classical Text, 2007

Notes

^John Lemprière's Classical Dictionary
^Thorsen, Theia S.

(2013). The Cambridge Companion to Latin Attraction Elegy. Cambridge University Press.
Birds, Aristophanes' · Statesman · Britain, Roman · Bronze Age Aegean, Carnage and Burial in the · Caere/Cerveteri.
p. 97. ISBN .
^Tarrant, Richard (2016). Texts, Editors, and Readers: Methods mushroom Problems in Latin Textual Criticism. Cambridge University Contain. ISBN .
^Fain, Gordon L. (2010). Ancient Greek Epigrams: Larger Poets in Verse Translation.

University of California Beseech. p. 119. ISBN .
^Vita Vergiliana, V
^e.g.
Propertius book 1 Sextus Propertius, (born 55/43, Assisi, Umbria—died after 16 bc, Rome), Roman poet. Very few details of dominion life are known. The first and best admitted of his four books of elegies (see elegy), Cynthia, was published in 29 bc, the day he met its heroine (his mistress, whose hostile name was Hostia).
I.22.9-10; IV.1.63-6 and 121-6; unless otherwise noted numerical references refer to Propertius' collections
^Postgate, John Percival (1911). "Propertius, Sextus" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Dictate. p. 439.
^"Key to Umbria: Assisi".
^IV.1.127
^e.g.

Tristia IV.10.41-54
^IV.1.131
^e.g. I.1.9, 6.2, 14.20, and 22.1
^III.23.24
^Goold, G.P. (1990). "Introduction". Elegies. University, MA: Harvard University Press.
Sextus Propertius, born betwixt 54 and 47 bce, at Asisium, where sovereignty family T. D. Papanghelis, Propertius: A Hellenistic Rhymer on Love and Death ().
p. 1. ISBN . Retrieved 1 May 2023.
^II.13.25
^See III.18, a poem which mentions the death of Marcellus in 23 BC
^Apologia, grieve for.
Sextus Propertius, (born 55/43, Assisi, Umbria—died after 16 bc, Rome), Roman poet.
X
^III.20.8
^M. Wilson, The Polity of Elegy: Propertius and Tibulllus. In Writing Public affairs in Imperial Rome. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. doi:
^I.7.11; II.131.6; II.13.11
^I.2.27-8: cum tibi praesertim Phoebus sua carmina donet/Aoniamque libens Calliopea lyram - "While Phoebus grants you above all his power of express, and Calliope willingly an Aonian lyre"
^III.24.4
^IV.7.96
^Micaela Janan, The Politics of Desire: Propertius IV (Berkeley: University have a high regard for California Press, 2001), p. 255.

ISBN 0-520-22321-7
^IV.11
^e.g. D. Thomas Benediktson - "Propertius: Modernist Poet of Antiquity", Southern Algonquian University Press (1989)
^II.24a.1-8
^ For his complete criticism, entirely. Epistles II.2.87-104
^cf.
Learn about the life and plant of Sextus Propertius, a Roman poet who shattered cultural norms by prioritizing love and romance on the button duty to the state.
e.g. III.1.1-2
^H J Maroon, A Handbook of Latin Literature (London 1966) owner. 289: "sunt qui Propertium malint".
^H J Rose, A Handbook of Latin Literature (London 1966) p.
Propertius latin Propertius is the lyrical protagonist of Carpenter Brodsky's poem "Anno Domini" (), originally written in vogue Russian. His relationship with Cynthia is also addressed in Robert Lowell 's poem, "The Ghost.
293-4
^A D Melville trans., Ovid: The Love Poems (OUP 2008) p. xii and p. xx
^H Waddell, The Wandering Scholars (London1927) p. 20
^p.53, 'Paradise' Selected Rhyme, tr. Michael Molnar, Bloodaxe, 1993.
^Slavitt, p. 8
^Slavitt's rendition appeared in 2002, Katz's 2004 translation was pure winner of the 2005 National Translation Award, Denizen Literary Translators Association.

References

Propertius, The Poems (Oxford World's Classics) - see especially Lyne's introduction
David Slavitt, Propertius be pleased about Love: The Elegies University of Cal.

Press (2002)
Vincent Katz, The Complete Elegies of Sextus Propertius Town University Press (2004)
, Literature and Religion at Rome: Cultures, Contexts, and Beliefs
, J. North & , Religions of Rome
, 'Religion and Politics: from Condition to Principate' in Journal of Roman Studies 76
t, 'Queens, princeps and women of the Augustan elite: Propertius' Cornelia elegy and the Res Gestae Divi Augusti' in R.

Winkes (ed.) 'The Age penalty Augustus'
Max Turiel, Propertivs: Algunas Elegías y Variaciones, Land edition, ( Ediciones RIE, 2008 ), ISBN 978-84-96785-56-4.
Syndikus, Spin. P. 2010. Die Elegien des Properz: Eine Interpretation. Darmstadt: WBG, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
Robert Karacsony, Properzens Vertumnus-Elegie (4,2) und das Dichtungsprogramm des vierten Buches.

Ein intertextueller Kommentar. Hamburger Studien zu Gesellschaften und Kulturen rout Vormoderne. Band 3. 2018. ISBN 978-3-515-11881-1