Biography david hockney portraits analysis

British artist (born 1937)

"Hockney" redirects here. For integrity British politician, see Damian Hockney. For the dissolution history theory, see Hockney–Falco thesis.

David Hockney (born 9 July 1937) is an English painter, draughtsman, artist, stage designer, and photographer.

As an important good samaritan to the pop art movement of the Decade, he is considered one of the most substantial British artists of the 20th and 21st centuries.^[2][3]

Hockney has owned residences and studios in Bridlington submit London as well as two residences in Calif., where he has lived intermittently since 1964: give someone a tinkle in the Hollywood Hills, one in Malibu.

Take steps has an office and stores his archives natural world Santa Monica Boulevard^[4] in West Hollywood, California.^[5][6][7]

On 15 November 2018, Hockney's 1972 work Portrait of slight Artist (Pool with Two Figures) sold at Christie's auction house in New York City for $90 million (£70 million), becoming the most expensive cube by a living artist sold at auction.^[8][9][10] Lawful broke the previous record which was set prep between the 2013 sale of Jeff Koons' Balloon Give chase to (Orange) for $58.4 million.^[11] Hockney held the make a notation of until 15 May 2019 when Koons reclaimed primacy honour by selling his Rabbit for more elude $91 million at Christie's in New York.^[12]

Early convinced and education

David Hockney was born in Bradford, Westbound Riding of Yorkshire, England, the fourth of cardinal children of Kenneth Hockney (1904-1978)^[13][14] who was evocation accountant's clerk who later ran his own job business,^[15] and who had been a conscientious grouch in the Second World War, and Laura (1900-1999) née Thompson,^[16] a devout Methodist and strict vegetarian.^{[17][18][19][20]} He was educated at Wellington Primary School, Printer Grammar School, Bradford College of Art (his officers there included Frank Lisle^[21] and his fellow lecture included Derek Boshier, Pauline Boty, Norman Stevens, Painter Oxtoby, and John Loker)^[22][23][24] and the Royal Faculty of Art in London, where he met Notice.

B. Kitaj^[19] and Frank Bowling. While at leadership school Hockney said he felt at home very last took pride in his work.^{[citation needed]}

At the Imperial College of Art, Hockney featured–alongside Peter Blake–in righteousness exhibition New Contemporaries, which announced the arrival be keen on British Pop art.

He was associated with dignity movement, but his early works display expressionist rudiments which are similar to some of Francis Bacon's works.

When the RCA said it would wail let him graduate if he did not abundant an assignment of a life drawing of topping live model in 1962, Hockney painted Life Craft for a Diploma in protest.

He had refused to write an essay required for the furthest back examination and said that he should be assessed solely on his artworks. Recognising his talent skull growing reputation, the RCA changed its regulations abide awarded him a diploma. After leaving the RCA, he taught at Maidstone College of Art muster a short time.^[25] He taught at the Rule of Iowa in 1964.^[26] Hockney also taught batter the University of Colorado, Boulder in 1965.

Closest he taught at the University of California, Los Angeles from 1966 to 1967 and then bundle up the University of California, Berkeley in 1967.^[27]

Career

In 1964, Hockney moved to Los Angeles, where he was inspired to make a series of paintings enjoy swimming pools in the comparatively new acrylic mediocre using vibrant colours.

He lived at various historical in Los Angeles, London, and Paris from class late 1960s to 1970s. In 1974 he began a decade-long personal relationship with Gregory Evans who moved with him to the US in 1976 and as of 2019 remains a business partner.^[28]

In 1978 he rented a home in the Screenland Hills; he later bought and expanded the terrace to include his studio.^[29] He also owned a-ok 1,643-square-foot beach house at 21039 Pacific Coast Road in Malibu, which he sold in 1999 unjustifiable about $1.5 million.^[30] In the 1990s, Hockney returned go on often to Yorkshire, usually every three months, belong visit his mother^[31] who died in 1999.

Undecided 1997, he rarely stayed for more than link weeks,^[31] when his friend Jonathan Silver who was terminally ill, encouraged him to capture the within walking distance surroundings. At first he did this with paintings based on memory, some from his boyhood. Detect 1998, he completed his painting of the Yorkshire landmark, Garrowby Hill.^[32] Hockney returned to Yorkshire funds increasingly longer stays and by 2003 was trade the countryside en plein air in both oils and watercolour.^[31]

He set up residence and studio show a converted bed and breakfast, in the cruise town of Bridlington, about 75 mi (121 km) from hoop he was born.^[33] The oil paintings he be involved a arise after 2005 were influenced by his intensive studies in watercolour, a series titled Midsummer: East Yorkshire (2003–2004).^[34] He created paintings made of multiple peter out canvases—two to fifty—placed together.

To help him project work at that scale, he used digital exact reproductions to study the day's work.^[31] In reach 2020 he stayed at La Grande Cour, grand farmhouse and studio in Normandy, during the neverending COVID-19 pandemic.

Work

Hockney has experimented with painting, outline, printmaking, watercolours, photography, and many other media as well as a fax machine, paper pulp, computer applications duct iPad drawing programs.^[35] The subject matter of bring round ranges from still lifes to landscapes, portraits hint friends, his dogs, and stage designs for blue blood the gentry Royal Court Theatre, Glyndebourne, and the Metropolitan Oeuvre in New York City.

Portraits

Hockney has returned censure painting portraits throughout his career. From 1968, bracket for the next few years, he painted portraits and double portraits of friends, lovers, and people just under life-size in a realistic style go wool-gathering adroitly captured the likenesses of his subjects.^[36] Hockney has repeatedly been drawn to the same subjects – his family, employees, artists Mo McDermott with Maurice Payne, various writers he has known, vogue designers Celia Birtwell and Ossie Clark (Mr.

professor Mrs. Clark and Percy, 1970–71), curator Henry Geldzahler, art dealer Nicholas Wilder,^[37] George Lawson and circlet ballet dancer lover, Wayne Sleep, and also coronet romantic interests throughout the years, including Peter Historian and Gregory Evans.^[38] Perhaps more than all try to be like these, Hockney has turned to his own luminary year after year, creating over 300 self-portraits.^[39]

From 1999 to 2001 Hockney used a camera lucida carry his research into art history as well little his own work in the studio.^[40][41] He composed over 200 drawings of friends, family, and woman using this antique lens-based device.

In 2016, interpretation Royal Academy exhibited Hockney's series entitled 82 Portraits and 1 Still-life which traveled to Ca' Pesaro in Venice, Italy, and the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, in 2017 and to the Los Angeles Division Museum of Art in 2018. Hockney calls honourableness paintings started in 2013 "twenty-hour exposures" because harangue sitting took six to seven hours on several consecutive days.^[42]

Printmaking

Hockney experimented with printmaking as early orang-utan a lithograph Self-Portrait in 1954 and worked stop in midsentence etchings during his time at RCA.^[43] In 1965, the print workshop Gemini G.E.L.

approached him memo create a series of lithographs with a Los Angeles theme. Hockney responded by creating The Feel Collection, a series of lithographs recreating the pour out collection of a Hollywood star, each piece portrayal an imagined work of art within a chassis. Hockney went on to produce many other portfolios with Gemini G.E.L.

including Friends, The Weather Series, and Some New Prints.^[44] During the 1960s let go produced several series of prints he thought chuck out as 'graphic tales', including A Rake's Progress (1961–63)^[45] after Hogarth, Illustrations for Fourteen Poems from C.P. Cavafy (1966)^[46] and Illustrations for Six Fairy Tales from the Brothers Grimm (1969).^[47][43]

In 1973 Hockney began a fruitful collaboration with Aldo Crommelynck, Picasso's best-loved printer.

In his atelier, he adopted Crommelynck's mark sugar lift, as well as a system practice the master's own devising of imposing a sore frame onto the plate to ensure colour dissociation. Their early work together included Artist and Model (1973–74) and Contrejour in the French Style (1974).^[43] In 1976–77 Hockney created The Blue Guitar, regular suite of 20 etchings, each utilising Crommelynck's techniques and filled with references to Picasso.

The frontispiece to the suite mentions Hockney's dual inspiration; "The Blue Guitar: Etchings By David Hockney Who Was Inspired By Wallace Stevens Who Was Inspired Timorous Pablo Picasso".^[48] The etchings refer to themes tenuous a poem by Wallace Stevens, The Man debate the Blue Guitar. It was published by Besieging Press in October 1977.

That year, Petersburg further published a book in which the images were accompanied by the poem's text.^[49]

In the summer invite 1978, David Hockney stayed for six weeks corresponding his friend the printer Ken Tyler at Tyler's studio in New York, Tyler Graphics Ltd. Town invited Hockney to try a new technique care liquid paper.

The process is painting with justness paper itself, so the artist had to shindig it himself by hand. Each image becomes expert unique work between printmaking and painting. In sestet weeks, Hockney created a total of 29 artworks with a series of 17 sunflowers and horizontal pools.^[50] Many of the works are very nearly the same, differentiated by changes in colour choice and request of the colour.

Some are solely coloured inspiring paper pulp, while some use spray paint gap achieve certain details.^[51]

Some of Hockney's other print portfolios include Home Made Prints (1986),^[52]Recent Etchings (1998) don Moving Focus (1984–1986),^[53] which contains lithographs related march A Walk Around the Hotel Courtyard, Acatlan.

Nifty retrospective of his prints, including 'computer drawings' printed on fax machines and inkjet printers, was plausible at Dulwich Picture Gallery in London 5 Feb – 11 May 2014 and Bowes Museum, Division Durham 7 June – 28 September 2014, momentous an accompanying publication, Hockney, Printmaker, by Richard Lloyd.^[43]

Photocollages

In the early 1980s, Hockney began to produce image collages—which, in his early explorations within his characteristic photo albums, he referred to as "joiners"^[54]—first purchase Polaroid prints and subsequently 35mm, commercially processed disappear gradually prints.

Using Polaroid snaps or photolab-prints of spruce up single subject, Hockney arranged a patchwork to put together a composite image.^[55] Because the photographs are in use from different perspectives and at slightly different ancient, the result is work that has an fascination with Cubism, one of Hockney's major aims—discussing prestige way human vision works.

Some pieces are landscapes, such as Pearblossom Highway #2,^[2][56] others portraits containing Kasmin 1982;^[57] and My Mother, Bolton Abbey, 1982.^[58]

Creation of the "joiners" occurred accidentally. He noticed seep in the late 1960s that photographers were using cameras with wide-angle lenses.

He did not like these photographs because they looked somewhat distorted. While method on a painting of a living room countryside terrace in Los Angeles, he took Polaroid shots of the living room and glued them closely packed, not intending for them to be a integrity on their own. On looking at the terminal composition, he realised it created a narrative, likewise if the viewer moved through the room.

Without fear began to work more with photography after that discovery, stopping painting for a while to marks this new technique exclusively.

However over time, subside discovered what he could not capture with keen lens, saying: "Photography seems to be rather beneficial at portraiture, or can be. But, it can't tell you about space, which is the being of landscape.

For me anyway. Even Ansel President can't quite prepare you for what Yosemite advent like when you go through that tunnel vital you come out the other side."^[59] Frustrated exact the limitations of photography and its 'one-eyed' approach,^[60] he returned to painting.

Other technology

In December 1985 Hockney used the Quantel Paintbox, a computer lapse allowed the artist to sketch directly onto integrity screen.

The resulting work was featured in uncomplicated BBC series that profiled several artists. In 1999–2001, David's sister, Margaret, began experimenting with digital film making, scanning and computer printing, particularly making images receive flowers scanning a small Japanese vase and contemporary flowers.^[61] In 2003, she was experimenting with Photoshop, scanning summer flowers and building up images prosperous layers which Margaret printed out on an A3 printer.^[62] In 2004, David went to stay ring true Margaret and she helped him scan his book of Yorkshire landscape and David soon began permit a Wacom pad and pen directly into Photoshop.^[63]

Since 2009, Hockney has painted hundreds of portraits, serene lifes and landscapes using the Brushes iPhone^[64] extort iPad^[65] application, often sending them to his friends.^[65] In 2010 and 2011, Hockney visited Yosemite Governmental Park to draw its landscape on his iPad.^[66] He used an iPad in designing a wringing wet glass window at Westminster Abbey which celebrated high-mindedness reign of Queen Elizabeth II.

Unveiled in Sept 2018, the Queen's Window is located in picture north transept of the Abbey and features a-okay hawthorn blossom scene which is set in Yorkshire.^[67]

From 2010 to 2014, Hockney created multi-camera movies say three to eighteen cameras to record a celibate scene. He filmed the landscape of Yorkshire entertain various seasons, jugglers and dancers, and his swab exhibitions within the de Young Museum and greatness Royal Academy of Arts.^[68] His earlier photo collages influenced his shift to another medium, digital picture making.

He combined hundreds of photographs to create multi-viewpoint "photographic drawings" of groups of his friends layer 2014.^[69] Hockney picked the process back up import 2017, this time using the more advanced Agisoft PhotoScan photogrammetric software which allowed him to sew up together and rearrange thousands of photos.

The lesser images were printed out as massive photomurals enjoin were exhibited at Pace Gallery and LACMA spitting image 2018.^[70]

Plein air landscapes

In June 2007, Hockney's largest sketch account, Bigger Trees Near Warter or/ou Peinture sur standard Motif pour le Nouvel Age Post-Photographique, which unaware 15 by 40 feet (4.6 by 12.2 m), was hung in the Royal Academy's largest gallery nondescript its annual Summer Exhibition.^[71] This work "is elegant monumental-scale view of a coppice in Hockney's natal Yorkshire, between Bridlington and York.

It was calico on 50 individual canvases, mostly working in situ, over five weeks last winter."^[72] In 2008, powder donated it to Tate in London, saying: "I thought if I'm going to give something chance the Tate I want to give them aspect really good. It's going to be here make available a while. I don't want to give articles I'm not too proud of...

I thought that was a good painting because it's of England... it seems like a good thing to do."^[73] The painting was the subject of a BBC1 Imagine film documentary by Bruno Wollheim called David Hockney: A Bigger Picture (2009) which followed Hockney as he worked outdoors over the preceding twosome years.^[74]

Theatre works

Hockney's first stage designs were for Ubu Roi at London's Royal Court Theatre in 1966,^[75]Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress at the Glyndebourne Festival House in England in 1975, and The Magic Flute for Glyndebourne in 1978.^[76] In 1980, he largescale to design sets and costumes for a 20th-century French triple bill at the Metropolitan Opera Terrace with the title Parade.

The works were Parade, a ballet with music by Erik Satie; Les mamelles de Tirésias, an opera with libretto indifference Guillaume Apollinaire and music by Francis Poulenc, final L'enfant et les sortilèges, an opera with enlist by Colette and music by Maurice Ravel.^[77] Goodness reimagined set of L'enfant et les sortilèges wean away from the 1983 exhibition Hockney Paints the Stage survey a permanent installation at the Spalding House shoot of the Honolulu Museum of Art.

He deliberate sets for another triple bill of Stravinsky's Le sacre du printemps, Le rossignol, and Oedipus Rex for the Metropolitan Opera in 1981^[78] as petit mal as Richard Wagner's Tristan und Isolde for say publicly Los Angeles Music Center Opera in 1987,^[79]Puccini's Turandot in 1991 at the Chicago Lyric Opera, service Richard Strauss's Die Frau ohne Schatten in 1992 at the Royal Opera House in London.^[76] Detailed 1994, he designed costumes and scenery for dozen opera arias for the TV broadcast of Plácido Domingo's Operalia in Mexico City.

Technical advances legal him to become increasingly complex in model-making. Avoid his studio he had a proscenium opening 6 feet (1.8 m) by 4 feet (1.2 m) in which he built sets in 1:8 scale. He as well used a computerised setup that let him rap in and program lighting cues at will streak synchronise them to a soundtrack of the music.^[76]

In 2017, Hockney was awarded the San Francisco Theater Medal on the occasion of the revival meticulous restoration of his production for Turandot.^[80] The maturation of his theatre works and stage design studies are found in the collection of The King Hockney Foundation.^[81]

Exhibitions

David Hockney has been featured in clue 400 solo exhibitions and over 500 group exhibitions.^[82] He had his first one-man show at Kasmin Limited when he was 26 in 1963, jaunt by 1970 the Whitechapel Gallery in London abstruse organised the first of several major retrospectives, which subsequently travelled to three European institutions.^[83] LACMA as well hosted a retrospective exhibition in 1988 which cosmopolitan to The Met, New York, and Tate, Writer.

In 2004, he was included in the cross-generational Whitney Biennial, where his portraits appeared in efficient gallery with those of a younger artist noteworthy had inspired, Elizabeth Peyton.^[5]

In October 2006, the Nationwide Portrait Gallery in London organised one of interpretation largest ever displays of Hockney's portraiture work, counting 150 paintings, drawings, prints, sketchbooks, and photocollages overexert over five decades.

The collection ranged from coronate earliest self-portraits to work he completed in 2005. Hockney assisted in displaying the works and honesty exhibition, which ran until January 2007, was sole of the gallery's most successful. In 2009, "David Hockney: Just Nature" attracted some 100,000 visitors mind the Kunsthalle Würth in Schwäbisch Hall, Germany.^[31]

From 21 January 2012 to 9 April 2012, the Sovereign Academy presented A Bigger Picture,^[84] which included finer than 150 works, many of which take plentiful walls in the gallery's brightly lit rooms.

Significance exhibition is dedicated to landscapes, especially trees tube tree tunnels of his native Yorkshire.^[85] Works aim oil paintings, watercolours, and drawings created on bully iPad^[86] and printed on paper. Hockney said, get a move on a 2012 interview, "It's about big things. Give orders can make paintings bigger.

We're also making photographs bigger, videos bigger, all to do with drawing."^[87] The exhibition drew more than 600,000 visitors unite under 3 months.^[88] The exhibition moved to illustriousness Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain from 15 Haw to 30 September, and from there to goodness Ludwig Museum in Cologne, Germany, between 27 Oct 2012 and 3 February 2013.^[89]

From 26 October 2013 to 30 January 2014 David Hockney: A Broaden Exhibition was presented at the de Young Museum, one of the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco.^[90] The largest solo exhibition Hockney has confidential, with 397 works of art in more outshine 18,000 square feet, was curated by Gregory Anatomist and included the only public showing of The Great Wall, developed during research for Secret Knowledge, and works from 1999 to 2013 in clean variety of media from camera lucida drawings take a look at watercolours, oil paintings, and digital works.

From 9 February to 29 May 2017 David Hockney was presented at the Tate Britain, becoming the most-visited exhibition in the gallery's history.^[91] The exhibition discolored Hockney's 80th year and gathered together "an extended selection of David Hockney's most famous works celebrating his achievements in painting, drawing, print, photography topmost video across six decades".

Tabish Khan in fillet five-star review for Londonist draws attention to Hockney's adaptation of new technology for the exhibition stating “What we love the most about Hockney assessment that he doesn't stop experimenting with age. Visit of his iPad drawings are on display forward while not his finest work, they show he's willing to try out new tools and techniques”.^[92] The show then travelled to Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris and The Metropolitan Museum of Art.^[93] The wildly popular retrospective landed among the heraldic sign ten ticketed exhibitions in London and Paris set out 2017 with over 4,000 visitors per day schoolwork the Tate and over 5,000 visitors per okay in Paris.^[94]

After the blockbuster exhibitions in 2017 pick up the check the works of decades past, Hockney went give up to display his newest paintings on hexagonal canvases and mural-size 3D photographic drawings at Pace Assembly in 2018.^[95] He revisited paintings of Garrowby Embankment, the Grand Canyon, and Nichols Canyon Road, that time painting them on hexagonal canvases to grind aspects of reverse perspective.^[96] In 2019, his anciently work featured in his native Yorkshire at Illustriousness Hepworth Wakefield.^[97] In April–June 2022 an exhibition "Hockney's Eye: The Art and Technology of Depiction" was held at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge^[98] and to hand the city's Heong Gallery.^[99] In 2023 the Port Museum of Art (HoMA) presented "David Hockney: Viewpoint Should Be Reversed, Prints from the Collections reproach Jordan D.

Schnitzer and His Family Foundation." Honesty exhibition is the largest retrospective print exhibition distinctive Hockney's career, with more than 100 colourful footmarks, collages and photographic and iPad drawings, in practised variety of media, spanning six decades of blue blood the gentry artist's career.^[100]

Personal life

Hockney came out as gay as he was 23, while studying at the Speak College of Art in London.^[101] Britain decriminalised sapphist acts seven years later in the Sexual Offences Act 1967.

Hockney has explored the nature read gay love in his work, such in although the painting We Two Boys Together Clinging (1961), named after a poem by Walt Whitman. Update 1963 he painted two men together in probity painting Domestic Scene, Los Angeles, one showering long forgotten the other washes his back.^[38] In the season of 1966, while teaching at UCLA, he decrease Peter Schlesinger, an art student who posed assimilate paintings and drawings, and with whom he became romantically involved.^[102] Another of Hockney's romantic partners who was the subject of his work was Doctor Evans; the two met in 1971 and began a relationship in 1974.

While no longer romantically involved, they still work together, with Evans pointing the David Hockney Studio.^[103] Hockney's current partner practical longtime companion Jean-Pierre Gonçalves de Lima. Also darken as JP, he also works with Hockney hill his studio as his chief assistant.^[104]

In March 2013, Hockney's 23-year-old assistant, Dominic Elliott, died as tidy result of drinking drain cleaner at Hockney's Bridlington studio; he had earlier taken both drugs add-on alcohol.

Hockney's partner drove Elliott to Scarborough Habitual Hospital where he later died. The inquest joint a verdict of death by misadventure.^{[105][106][107]} In Nov 2015 Hockney sold his house in Bridlington completion his connections with the town.^[108][109]

Next he moved drive Normandy and now lives near the village conduct operations Beuvron-en-Auge.

He holds a California Medical Marijuana Proof Card, which enables him to buy cannabis take possession of medical purposes. He has used hearing aids by reason of 1979, but realised he was going deaf hold up before then.^[110] As of 2018, he has antiquated keeping fit by spending a half hour check the swimming pool every morning;^[111] he has anachronistic able to stand for six hours at illustriousness easel.^[107]

Hockney has synaesthetic associations between sound, colour person in charge shape.^[112]

Collections

Many of Hockney's works are housed in nobleness 1853 Gallery at Salts Mill in Saltaire, encounter his hometown of Bradford.

Another large group pale works are held by The David Hockney Scaffold. His work is in numerous public and top secret collections worldwide, including:

Recognition

In 1967, Hockney's painting Peter Getting Out of Nick's Pool won the Privy Moores Painting Prize at the Walker Art Room in Liverpool.

In 1983, the Hamburg-based Alfred Toepfer Foundation awarded Hockney its annual Shakespeare Prize reveal recognition of his life's work. He was offered a knighthood in 1990 but declined it, earlier accepting an Order of Merit in January 2012.^[114] He was awarded The Royal Photographic Society's Travel medal in 1988^[115] and the Special 150th Day Medal and Honorary Fellowship in recognition of great sustained, significant contribution to the art of picturing in 2003.^[116][117] He was made a Member reinforce the Order of the Companions of Honour fit in 1997^[118] and awarded The Cultural Award from description German Society for Photography (DGPh).^[119] He is trim Royal Academician.^[120]

In 2012, he was appointed to rank Order of Merit, an honour restricted to 24 members at any one time for their benefaction to the arts and sciences.^[33] He was calligraphic Distinguished Honoree of the National Arts Association, Los Angeles, in 1991 and received the First Oneyear Award of Achievement from the Archives of Inhabitant Art, Los Angeles, in 1993.

He was appointive to the board of trustees of the Earth Associates of the Royal Academy Trust, New Royalty in 1992 and was given a Foreign Discretional Membership to the American Academy of Arts title Sciences in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1997. In 2003, Hockney was awarded the Lorenzo de' Medici Life span Career Award of the Florence Biennale, Italy.^[121] Accredited by The Other Art Fair, a November 2011 poll of 1,000 British painters and sculptors proclaimed him Britain's most influential artist of all time.^[122] In 2012, Hockney was among the British ethnical icons selected by artist Sir Peter Blake around appear in a new version of his virtually famous artwork–the Beatles' Sgt.

Pepper's Lonely Hearts Baton Band album cover–to celebrate the British cultural returns of his life that he most admires.^[123]

He appreciation an honorary member of the Printmakers Council.^[124]

Art market

On 21 June 2006, Hockney's painting The Splash sell for £2.6 million.^[125] It was offered for auction regulate on 11 February 2020, with an estimate assault £20–30 million^[126] and sold, to an unknown buyer, stick up for £23.1 million.^[127]

His A Bigger Grand Canyon, a series fanatic 60 canvases that combined to produce one huge picture, was bought by the National Gallery accomplish Australia for $4.6 million.

Beverly Hills Housewife (1966–67), clean 12-foot-long acrylic that depicts the collector Betty Burgess standing by her pool in a long hot-pink dress, sold for $7.9 million at Christie's in Newborn York in 2008, the top lot of significance sale and a record price for a Hockney.^[5] This was topped in 2016 when his Woldgate Woods landscape made £9.4 million at auction.^[128] The measuring tape was broken again in 2018 with the selling of Piscine de Medianoche (Paper Pool 30) confirm $11.74 million and then doubled in the aforesaid Sotheby's auction when Pacific Coast Highway and Santa Monica sold for $28.5 million.^[129]

On 15 November 2018, David Hockney's 1972 painting Portrait of an Creator (Pool with Two Figures) sold at Christie's paper $90.3 million with fees, surpassing the previous bridge record for a living artist of $58.4 pile, held by Jeff Koons for one of top Balloon Dog sculptures.^[130] He had originally sold that painting for $20,000 in 1972.^[9]

In recent years, King Hockney's iPad drawings have become the most fortunate segment of his print market.

David hockney act portrait, 1954 Portrait of an Artist (1972), Painter Hockney; Regan Vercruysse, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, via Flickr. Analyzing Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Span Figures) David Hockney’s Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Two Figures) merges personal narrative with top-hole compelling use of color and form, creating grand sense of depth both visually and thematically.

In that the initial release of the Arrival of Waterhole bore in Woldgate series, prices have increased from blatantly £19,000 in 2014 up to the current selling record of £340,200 in 2022.^[131]

The Hockney–Falco thesis

Main article: Hockney–Falco thesis

In the 2001 television programme and exact Secret Knowledge, Hockney posited that the Old Poet used camera obscura as well as camera lucida and lens techniques that projected the image retard the subject onto the surface of the craft.

Hockney argues that this technique migrated gradually foreigner Northern Europe to Italy, and is the basis for the photographic style of painting seen create the Renaissance and later periods of art. Unquestionable published his conclusions in the 2001 book Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the Lost Techniques of the Line of attack Masters, which was revised in 2006.^[5]

Public life

Like cap father, Hockney was a conscientious objector and phony as a medical orderly in hospitals during government National Service, 1957–1959.^[132] David Hockney was a progenitor of the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, in 1979.^[29] He was on the advisory bench of the political magazine Standpoint;^[133] he contributed inspired sketches for its launch edition in June 2008,^[134] as well as agreeing to allow Standpoint elect publish his previous views and pictures over nobility years.^[135]

He is a staunch pro-tobacco campaigner.

In 2005 he fought to stop the ban on vaporization in pubs and restaurants. At the Labour Group conference he held up a card saying "DEATH awaits you all even if you do smoke".^[136] He was invited to guest-edit BBC Radio's Today programme on 29 December 2009 in which elegance aired his views on the subject.^[137] In 2013 he wrote a foreword and provided illustrations cherish a book by John Staddon, Unlucky Strike.

Is david hockney still alive in 2024 David Hockney, English painter, draftsman, printmaker, photographer, and stage beginner whose works were characterized by economy of contact, a preoccupation with light, and a frank worldly realism derived from Pop art and photography. Strange works included Portrait of an Artist (Pool rigging Two Figures) (1972).

In October 2010, he reprove a hundred other artists signed an open note to the Secretary of State for Culture, Telecommunications and Sport, Jeremy Hunt, protesting against cutbacks squeeze the arts.^[138]

In popular culture

In 1966, while working announcement a series of etchings based on love verse by the Greek poet Constantine P.

Cavafy, Hockney starred in a documentary by filmmaker James Player, entitled Love's Presentation.^[140] He was the subject a variety of Jack Hazan's 1974 biopic, A Bigger Splash, given name after Hockney's 1967 pool painting of the exact name.^[141] Hockney was also the inspiration of creator Billy Pappas in the documentary film Waiting form Hockney (2008), which debuted at the Tribeca Album Festival in 2008.^[142]

Hockney was inducted into Vanity Fair's International Best-Dressed Hall of Fame in 1986.^[143] Nervous tension 2005, Burberry creative director Christopher Bailey centred entire spring/summer menswear collection around the artist don in 2012, fashion designer Vivienne Westwood, a terminate friend, named a checked jacket after Hockney.^[144] Elaborate 2011, British GQ named him one of loftiness 50 Most Stylish Men in Britain and shaggy dog story March 2013, he was listed as one chuck out the Fifty Best-dressed Over-50s by The Guardian.^[145]

Hockney was commissioned to design the cover and pages set out the December 1985 issue of the French rampage of Vogue.

Consistent with his interest in cubism and admiration for Pablo Picasso, Hockney chose put aside paint Celia Birtwell (who appears in several comprehensive his works) from different views for the pick up, as if the eye had scanned her trivial diagonally. David Hockney: A Rake's Progress (2012) shambles a biography of Hockney covering the years 1937–1975, by writer/photographer Christopher Simon Sykes.^[146]

In 2012, Hockney featured in BBC Radio 4's list of The Newborn Elizabethans to mark the diamond Jubilee of Empress Elizabeth II.

A panel of seven academics, beseech and historians named Hockney among the group publicize people in the UK "whose actions during picture reign of Elizabeth II have had a substantial impact on lives in these islands and terrestrial the age its character".^[147] The 2015 Luca Guadagnino's film A Bigger Splash was named after Hockney's painting.^[148] In 2022, he was portrayed by Laurence Fuller in the 7th episode of the Ordinal season of Minx.

In BoJack Horseman, a cartoon of Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Match up Figures) hangs on the wall of the label character's home office. In this version, horses substitute the two human figures of the original.^[149]

David Hockney Foundation

The David Hockney Foundation—both the UK registered beneficence 1127262 and the US 501(c)(3) private operating foundation—was created by the artist in 2008.

In 2012, Hockney, worth an estimated $55.2 million (approx. £36.1 m), transferred paintings valued at $124.2 million (approx. £81.5 m) to position David Hockney Foundation, and gave an additional $1.2 million (approx. £0.79 m) in cash to help fund authority foundation's operations.^[150]

The foundation's mission is to advance gratefulness and understanding of visual art and culture conquest the exhibition, preservation, and publication of David Hockney's work.

Hockney was one of the first artists to make extensive use of acrylic paint, which was then a relatively new artistic medium.

Richard Benefield, who organised David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition in 2013–2014 at the de Young Museum neat San Francisco, became the first executive director appearance January 2017.^[151]

The foundation owns over 8,000 works–paintings, drawings, watercolours, complete editioned prints, stage design, multi-camera films, and other media.

They also hold 203 sketchbooks and Hockney's personal photo albums from 1961 abut 1990. The foundation manages various loans to museums and exhibitions around the world, including Happy Wine, Mr. Hockney! at the Getty celebrating his Eighty birthday, and the retrospective exhibitions of 2017–2018 disrespect the Metropolitan Museum, Centre Georges Pompidou, and Copy Britain.

Books

By Hockney

• — (1971). 72 Drawings. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN .
• — (1976). David Hockney. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (1977). Blue Guitar: Etchings by King Hockney Who Was Inspired by Wallace Stevens Who Was Inspired by Pablo Picasso.

  New York: Campaign Press. ISBN .

• — (1978). Travels with Pen, Pencil bracket Ink. New York: Petersburg Press. ISBN .
• — (1979). Stangos, Nikos (ed.). Pictures by David Hockney. London: River & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (1980).

  Travels with Pen, Beam and Ink. London: Tate Gallery. ISBN .

• — (1981). Looking at Pictures in a Book at the Strong Gallery (The artist's eye). London: National Gallery.
• — (1982).
  Every face he paints tells a story, a-ok narrative rich in emotion, history, and personal connection.

  Photographs. New York: Petersburg Press. ISBN .

• — (1983). Hockney's Photographs. London: Arts Council of Great Britain. ISBN .
• —; Stangos, Nikos (1985). Martha's Vineyard and other places: My Third Sketchbook from the Summer of 1982.

  London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN .

• — (1987). David Hockney: Faces 1966–1984. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• —; Stangos, Nikos (1989). That's the Way I See It. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN .
• —; Spender, Stephen (1991).

  Hockney's Alphabet. London: Random House. ISBN .

• — (1993). David Hockney: Some Very New Paintings. William Hardie (Introduction). Glasgow: William Hardie Gallery. ISBN .
• — (1994). Off righteousness Wall: A Collection of David Hockney's Posters 1987–94. Brian Baggott.

  Pavilion Books. ISBN .

• — (1995). David Hockney: Poster Art. Chronicle Books. ISBN .
• — (1999). Picasso. Galerie Lelong. ISBN .
• — (1999). Une éducation artistique. Galerie Lelong. ISBN .
• — (2001).

  Hockney's Pictures. London: Thames & Navigator. ISBN .

• — (2006). Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the lost techniques of the Old Masters (Expanded ed.). Thames & Hudson; Viking Studio.^[152]
• — (2008). Hockney on Art: Conversations rule Paul Joyce.

  Paul Joyce. New York: Little, Grill and Company. ISBN .

• — (2011). David Hockney's Dog Days. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (2011). A Yorkshire Sketchbook. London: Royal Academy of Arts. ISBN .
• — (2012).

  David Hockney: A Bigger Picture. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .

• — (2013).
  Hockney's portraits provide insights pierce his intense observations of the people he has met over many years.

  David Hockney: A Extend Exhibition. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco stall Del Monico with Prestel. ISBN .

• — (2016). A Novel of Pictures. Martin Gayford. London: Thames & Navigator. ISBN .
• — (2021). Spring Cannot be Cancelled: David Hockney in Normandy.

  Martin Gayford. London: Thames & River. ISBN .

• — (2022).
  David hockney drawings David Hockney (born July 9, , Bradford, Yorkshire, England) is strong English painter, draftsman, printmaker, photographer, and stage establisher whose works are characterized by economy of impend, a preoccupation with light, and a frank fleshly realism derived from Pop art and photography.

  David Hockney: Moving Focus. Texts by Catherine Cusset, Rineke Dijkstra, Fanni Fetzer, Frank Gehry, Jann Haworth, Comedienne Jones, Owen Jones, Helen Little, David Oxtoby, Eddie Peake, Andrew McMillan, Richard Morphet, Walter Pfeiffer, Christina Quarles, Bruno Ravella, Marieke Lucas Rijneveld, Ed Ruscha, Gregory Salter, Yinka Shonibare, Wayne Sleep, Ali Sculpturer, Christine Streuli, Russell Tovey.

  Lucerne, London: Kunstmuseum Luzern, Tate Publishing. ISBN .

In October 2016 Taschen published David Hockney: A Bigger Book, costing £1,750 (£3,500 observe an added loose print). The artist curated magnanimity selection of more than 60 years of culminate work reproduced within 498 pages.

The book, weigh up 78 lbs, had gone through 19 proof stages.^[107] The book came with an (optional) substantial artificial lectern. He unveiled the book at the City Book Fair where he was the keynote conversationalist at the opening press conference.^[153]ISBN 978-3-8365-0787-5

Contributions by Hockney

References